Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
He left two sons, Euphorion and Bion, who
also pursued the tragic art—a tradition which persisted in the family for
generations.
Æschylus is too great a dramatist to receive detailed treatment in the
course of a general discussion; a separate chapter must be allotted to
this. At present we shall consider only his position in the history of
tragedy.
The great technical change introduced by Æschylus was that he “first
introduced a second actor; he diminished the importance of the chorus,
and assigned the leading part to the dialogue”.[25] The two last
statements are corollaries of the first, which describe a deeply
important advance. It has been said above that the drama was founded
by the man who “invented one actor”; at the same time it is easy to
realize how primitive such drama must have been. The addition of another
actor did not double the resources of tragedy, rather it increased
them fifty-fold. To bring two opposed or sympathetic characters face
to face, to exhibit the clash of principles by means of the clash of
personalities, this is a step forward into a new world, a change so great
that to call Æschylus the very inventor of tragedy is not unreasonable.
This meagre equipment of two actors was found sufficient by two of the
fifth-century masters for work[26] of the highest value. The further
remark of Aristotle that Æschylus “diminished the importance of the
chorus” follows naturally from the vast increase in the importance of the
“episodes”.
Revolutionary as Æschylus was, he did not attain at a bound to a
characteristic dramatic form of his own and then advance no farther. In
his earliest extant play, the _Supplices_, the alterations mentioned
above are certainly in operation, but their use is tentative. The chorus
is no doubt less dominant than it had been, but it is the most important
feature, even to a modern reader. To an ancient spectator it must have
appeared of even greater moment. The number of singers was still fifty,
and the lyrics, accompanied by music and the dance of this great company,
occupy more than half of our present text. We have left Phrynichus
behind, but he is not out of sight.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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