Produced by Chuck Greif, University of Michigan and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE INTERNATIONAL PSYCHO-ANALYTICAL LIBRARY No. 6 GROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE EGO BY SIGM. FREUD, M. D., LL. D. AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION BY JAMES STRACHEY [Illustration: colophon] THE INTERNATIONAL PSYCHO-ANALYTICAL PRESS LONDON MCMXXII VIENNA Copyright 1922 TRANSLATOR'S NOTE A comparison of the following pages with the German original (_Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse_, Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Vienna, 1921) will show that certain passages have been transferred in the English version from the text to the footnotes. This alteration has been carried out at the author's express desire. All technical terms have been translated in accordance with the Glossary to be published as a supplement to the _International Journal of Psycho-Analysis_. J. S. CONTENTS Page I Introduction 1 II Le Bon's Description of the Group Mind 5 III Other Accounts of Collective Mental Life 23 IV Suggestion and Libido 33 V Two Artificial Groups: the Church and the Army 41 VI Further Problems and Lines of Work 52 VII Identification 60 VIII Being in Love and Hypnosis 71 IX The Herd Instinct 81 X The Group and the Primal Horde 90 XI A Differentiating Grade in the Ego 101 XII Postscript 110 GROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE EGO I INTRODUCTION The contrast between Individual Psychology and Social or Group[1] Psychology, which at a first glance may seem to be full of significance, loses a great deal of its sharpness when it is examined more closely. It is true that Individual Psychology is concerned with the individual man and explores the paths by which he seeks to find satisfaction for his instincts; but only rarely and under certain exceptional conditions is Individual Psychology in a position to disregard the relations of this individual to others. In the individual's mental life someone else is invariably involved, as a model, as an object, as a helper, as an opponent, and so from the very first Individual Psychology is at the same time Social Psychology as well--in this extended but entirely justifiable sense of the words.