GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY [Illustration] THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO [Illustration: FIG. 1.--Oyster Bank in South Carolina. Showing colonies of “coon” oysters growing in area between tides. Consult Möbius, Dean, and Grave for the ecological conditions of the animals on oyster banks. This is a representative animal community. Photo. by B. Dean, loaned by U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. ] GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY BY CHARLES C. ADAMS, PH.D. ASSOCIATE IN ANIMAL ECOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF ZOÖLOGY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS NEW YORK THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1913 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published August, 1913. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing Co.--Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. PREFACE During the past ten years the writer has been trying to find some consistent and satisfactory working plan for handling the almost bewildering number of facts, of ecological significance, which have been accumulating in the literature of zoölogy, biology, and the allied sciences. This book is the outgrowth of the effort as it has developed in the study and teaching of animal ecology. I have not attempted to make this an exhaustive treatment of the subject, but rather to indicate briefly some of its general bearings and a method of approach. I have tried to keep in mind the needs of the beginner in ecology.