2. As a group of taxonomically related animals? 3. As an association of interacting animals? REFERENCES ON THE ECOLOGICAL STANDPOINT In this I have listed only those papers which have seemed to me particularly significant because of their point of view, regardless of whether or not they are primarily zoölogical or specifically mention ecology. BROOKS, W. K. 1899. The Foundations of Zoölogy. pp. 339. New York. Introductory, pp. 1-29; Huxley, and the Problem of the Naturalist, pp. 33-46; Nature and Nurture, pp. 49-79. 1906. Heredity and Variation; Logical and Biological. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., Vol. XLV, pp. 70-76. An extremely suggestive paper which should be read by every ecological student. GANONG, W. F. 1907. The Organization of the Ecological Investigation of the Physiological Life-Histories of Plants. Bot. Gaz., Vol. XLIII, pp. 341-344. 1904. The Cardinal Principles of Ecology. Science, N. S., Vol. XIX, pp. 493-498. BURDON-SANDERSON, J. S. 1894. Biology in Relation to Other Natural Sciences. Smithsonian Report for 1893, pp. 435-463. MÖBIUS, K. 1877. Die Auster und die Austernwirthschaft. pp. 126. Berlin. On page 72 he proposes the term “biocœnose” for the group of animals which live together in the same habitat. Not seen by writer. 1883. The Oyster and Oyster-Culture. Rep. U. S. Fish Comm., 1880, Part VIII, pp. 683-751. Translation of preceding paper. On pp. 721-729 he discusses “An Oyster-Bank as a Biocönose, or a Social Community”; on page 723 he proposes the word “biocœnosis.” An illuminating paper. DAHL, F. 1902. Die Ziele der vergleichenden “Ethologie” (d. i. Biologie im älteren engeren Sinne). Verh. V. Inter. Zoöl.-Cong. 1901, pp. 296-300. 1908. Grundsätze und Grundbegriffe der biocönotischen Forschung. Zool. Anz., Bd. XXXIII, pp. 349-353. 1898. Experimentell-statistische Ethologie. Verh. der Deutsch. Zool. Gesell. Bd., 1898, pp. 121-131. 1901. Was ist ein Experiment, was Statistik in der Ethologie? Biol. Centralbl., Bd. XXI, pp. 675-681. WASMANN, E. 1901. Biologie oder Ethologie? Biol. Centralbl., Bd. XXI, pp. 391-400. WHEELER, W. M. 1902. ‘Natural History,’ ‘Œcology’ or ‘Ethology’? Science, N. S., Vol. XV, pp. 971-976. Advocates the use of the term ethology. ST. HILAIRE, I. GEOFFRAY. 1859. Histoire Générale des Règnes Organiques, Vol. II.