GUNPOWDER AND AMMUNITION _BY THE SAME AUTHOR_ STRAY MILITARY PAPERS. With 2 Plates. 8vo, 7s. 6d LUCIAN, THE SYRIAN SATIRIST. 8vo, 5s. net. THE OUTLINES OF QUATERNIONS. Crown 8vo, 10s. LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. LONDON, NEW YORK, AND BOMBAY GUNPOWDER AND AMMUNITION THEIR ORIGIN AND PROGRESS BY LIEUT.-COLONEL HENRY W. L. HIME (LATE) ROYAL ARTILLERY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1904 All rights reserved CONTENTS PART I THE ORIGIN OF GUNPOWDER CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. SALTPETRE 12 III. THE GREEKS 29 IV. MARCUS GRÆCUS 57 V. THE ARABS 90 VI. THE HINDUS 105 VII. THE CHINESE 124 VIII. FRIAR BACON 141 PART II THE PROGRESS OF AMMUNITION IX. ANALYTICAL TABLE OF AMMUNITION 165 X. HAND AMMUNITION:— FIRE-ARROWS AND FIRE-PIKES 168 HAND GRENADES 169 XI. WAR ROCKETS 172 XII. GUNPOWDER 177 XIII. SHOCK PROJECTILES:— DARTS, &C. 199 ROUND SHOT 200 CASE 207 SHRAPNEL 208 XIV. IGNEOUS PROJECTILES:— HOT SHOT 217 INCENDIARY FIREBALLS 217 INCENDIARY SHELL 220 CARCASSES 224 EXPLOSIVE FIREBALLS 224 EXPLOSIVE SHELL 225 XV. IGNITERS:— HOT WIRES, PRIMING POWDER, MATCHES, AND PORTFIRES 228 TUBES 230 TIME FUZES 231 PERCUSSION AND CONCUSSION FUZES 244 XVI. SIGNALS 246 TABLES TABLE PAGE I. METHODS OF REFINING SALTPETRE 27 II. GREEK FIRES 32 III. SEA FIRES 41