[65] Τότε Καλλίνικος ἀρχιτέκτων ἀπὸ Ἡλιουπόλεως Συρίας, προσφυγὼν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις, πῦρ θαλάσσιον κατασκευάσας, τὰ τῶν Ἀράβων σκάφη ἐνέπρησεν καὶ σύμψυχα κατέκαυσεν. Καὶ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι μετὰ νίκης ὑπέστρεψαν καὶ τὸ θαλάσσιον πῦρ εὗρον. _Corp. Script. Hist. Byzant._, ed. Niebuhr: “Theophanes,” A.M. 6165, A.C. 665; i. 542. [66] Ἰστέον ὅτι ἐπὶ Κωνσταντίνου Πωγωνάτου ... Καλλίνικός τις ἀπὸ Ἡλιουπόλεως, Ῥωμαίοις προσφυγὼν, τὸ διὰ τῶν σιφώνων ἐκφερόμενον πῦρ ὑγρὸν κατεσκεύασε, δι’ οὗ καὶ τὸν τῶν Σαρακηνῶν στόλον ἐν Κυζίκῳ Ῥωμαῖοι καταφλέξαντες τὴν νίκην ἤραντο. [67] K. K. Müller, in his _Eine griechische Schrift über Seekrieg_, 1882, p. 44, pertinently remarks that Jähns, who accepts this early date, can give no example of the use of sea-fire before the seventh century. [68] “Traitors are often to be suspected even about your person” (ὑποπτεύονταί τινες προδόται καὶ παρά σοι πολλάκις ὄντες). Leo’s “Tactics,” xxi. 35. [69] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 15th Aug. 1891, p. 805. [70] Μετὰ βροντῆς καὶ καπνοῦ “Tactics,” xix. 51. [71] By Friar Bacon. See Chapter viii. [72] “... nec fulmine tanti Dissultant crepitus ...”—_Æn._, xii. 922. [73] Siphons, of whatever kind, were known before sea-fire. On hearing of the Moslem preparations to attack him in 671, Constantine Pogonatus ordered the siphon-bearing warships (δρόμωνας σιφωνοφόρους) to be put in commission.—Theophanes’ “Chronography,” i. 542. [74] “Alexander,” _c._ 35; tr. by Stewart and Long. [75] “Natural History,” xxxvi. 53. [76] See Boivin’s notes on the “Kestoi” in _Vet. Mathematicorum ... Op._, ed. Thévenot, 1693, p. 357; and Gelzer’s _S. J. Africanus_, 1880, i. 13. [77] In the _Deipnosophists_ of Athenæus a juggler is represented as producing automatic fire, c. 16, e. [78] Πίσσα καὶ δᾷδες καὶ ἄσβεστος _Corp. Script. Hist. Byzant._, Pt. xxii. p. 537. [79] Χύτρας τε ἀλλ’ οὗς ἀσβέστου πλήρης κ.τ.λ. “Tactics,” xix., § 54, in _Meursii Op._, vi. [80] Recipe 24 (see Chapter iv.). [81] Nürnberg MS., in Romocki, i. 125, recipe, “ignis qui in pluvia.” [82] Generally ascribed to Albert Groot, but much more probably by one of his pupils. Berthelot, i. 91. [83] Romocki, i. 154. [84] Ib., 130. [85] Cedrenus seems to convey that the manufacture of incendiaries was the privilege of the Lampros family, but it was presumably carried on in some Government establishment (ἐκ τούτου κατάγεται ἡ γενεὰ τοῦ Λαμπροῦ, τοῦ νυνὶ τὸ πῦρ ἐντέχνως κατασκευάζοντος); ed. Bekker, Bonn, 1838, i. 765. [86] Herr von Romocki was, I believe, the first to offer this explanation. [87] See p. 13, and Table II., col. _Liber Ignium_. [88] Dr. Bury in Gibbon’s “Decline and Fall,” &c., vii. 540. [89] Πῦρ τε διὰ τῶν σιφώνων τῷ ἀέρι φυσήσαντες, p. 536. [90] Ἐμφυσᾶται ... λάβρῳ καὶ συνεχεῖ πνεύματι κἆθ’ οὕτως ὁμιλεῖ τῷ πρὸς ἄκραν πυρί. “Alex.,” xiii. 3.