[621] “Per tempus quo quispiam non festinanter Symbolum Apostolorum recitare possit,” p. 174. Watches were invented by Huygens in 1674, and independently by Hooke in 1675. Ball’s “Mathematical Recreations,” 1892, p. 216. [622] _Zur Geschichte der Artillerie_, by Hauptmann C. Schneider, in _Oesterreichische Mil. Zeitung_, Wien, 1863, No. 79. [623] _Theoria et Praxis Artill._, Nürnberg, 1682, Part II., p. 62. [624] “Brände von Holtz, Papier oder Eisen,” ib. [625] “Man das Tempo entweder durch einen perpendicul oder nach einem perfecten und gewissen Tacte erkundigen muss,” ib. [626] “Das rechte Tempo nun zu finden, kan auf keine audere Weise, als aus den ersten Würffen erlernet werden.” _Artill. Recent. Praxis_, l. iii., c. 34, p. 45. [627] “Treatise on Artillery,” 1768, p. 204. [628] Ib., p. 203. [629] MS. letter kindly lent to me by Col. F. Whinyates, late R.H.A. [630] Gen. Piobert’s notes, communicated to Prof. Turquem and Capt. Favé, the translators of Gen. C. von Decker’s _Expériences sur les Shrapnel_, Paris, 1847, p. 320. [631] “Ammunition,” by Col. Sir V. D. Majendie, i. 235. The Prussians had a similar series of fuzes about the same time; Breithaupt, _Der Entwicklungsgang ... der Zünderwesens_, p. 21. On the 21st Nov. 1808, Shrapnel proposed to carry the bored fuzes in canvas bags painted different colours. Ord. Sel. Com., “Shrapnel Shell.” [632] Hasans er-Rammah in Reinaud and Favé, p. 25. This composition was called “priming,” and belonged to the “slow receipt” family. [633] Napoleon III., iii. 275. [634] Nye, p. 63, _bis_. [635] Spak’s _Öfversigt öfver Artilleriets Uppkomst_, &c., p. 157. [636] Muller’s “Treatise on Artillery,” 1768, p. 203. [637] J. G. von Hoyer’s _Allgemeines Wörterbuch_, Tübingen, 1804. [638] 5″ fuze, official “Treatise on Ammunition.” [639] _Beitrag zur Gesch. d. Artillerie_, Haupt. C. Schneider, Wien, 1864. [640] See plate in Romocki, i. 343. [641] _Art. Mag. Artilleriæ_, &c., pt. i. bk. 4, c. 3. They were called “blind shell” because they gave out no light in their flight. [642] “Wer ein wenig Vernunft hat und nicht gar tumm ist, wird klar sehen dass dieselbe Invention einen sehr bald in die andere Welt schicken kan.” _Artill. Recent. Prax._, c. xi. p. 13. [643] _Theor. et Praxis Artill._, pt. i. p. 68. [644] “Cutting the Rigging,” Proposition iii. [645] MS. in Royal Library, Berlin, q. in Romocki, i. 347. [646] Cap. 48. [647] See his Patent, No. 3032, 11th April 1807. [648] We are told by Mr. Greener that “all the gunsmiths in England” laid claim to the invention of the cap: “The Gun and its Development,” 3rd ed., 1859, p. 110. How many of them, if any, established their claim I do not know; but it is absolutely certain that the notion of a copper cap struck Colonel Hawker in 1818. He gave a sketch of what he wanted to the celebrated Joe Manton, who made him some caps and adapted a gun for their use. “Instructions to Young Sportsmen,” by Col. Peter Hawker, 11th ed., 1859, p. 76.