During the second Crusade we find the Arabs making use of similar incendiaries,[211] mixtures practically identical with that of Æneas Tacticus, _cir._ 350 B.C., given in Table II. Shell full of burning naphtha were used at the siege of Acre, 1189-91, in the third Crusade;[212] and Richard of England, on his voyage thither, sank a ship which an eye-witness had seen laded at Beyrut with ballista, bows, arrows, and lances, and a large supply of Greek fire secured in bottles (_ignem Græcum abundanter in phialis_),[213] a phrase which reminds us of the 18th recipe of the _Liber Ignium_ of Marcus Græcus: “put the mixture in a glass bottle” (_hoc in vase vitreo ponatur_). For the sixth Crusade, we have the invaluable _Histoire du Roy Saint Loys_ of Joinville, who describes the terror excited by the incendiaries of the Moslems, believed by all to be the work of the Powers of Darkness. “Quant le bon chevalier Messire Gaultier mon compagnon vit ce feu, il s’escrie et nous dist: Seigneurs, nous sommes perduz á jamais sans nul remède. Car s’ilz bruslent nos chaz chateilz, nous sommes ars et bruslez; et si nous laissons nos gardes, nous sommes ahontez.... Et toutes les fois que nostre bon Roy saint Loys oyoit qu’ils nous gettoient ainsi ce feu, il se jettoit à terre, et tendoit ses mains la face levée au ciel, et crioit à haulte voix à nostre Seigneur, et disoit en pleurant à grans larmes: Beausire Dieu Jesuchrist, garde moy et tout magent,” &c.[214] Yet the incendiaries which created all this panic appear to have wounded but few and to have killed nobody! Although no evidence is forthcoming to show that explosives were used in Palestine during the Crusade period, there is good evidence, it has been said, to prove that gunpowder was used by the Arabs in Spain during the thirteenth century.