Gutenberg, and the Art of PrintingPearson, Emily C. (Emily Clemens)
History
Gutenberg, and the Art of Printing
Pearson, Emily C. (Emily Clemens)
Gutenberg, Johann, 1397?-1468
As the wooden type had in a measure failed, from the necessity of
frequent renewal, the company gradually substituted letters of lead.
John Faust and Schoeffer entered with much interest upon the experiment
of using lead, sanguine of its success. They still confined themselves
to printing the elementary books. They found no difficulty in cutting
the letters with precision, and they could put them together as well
as those of wood; they had trouble, however, in printing with them.
The metal was so soft that it required the nicest skill in turning the
screw, as it would scarcely bear sufficient pressure to print.
See Gutenberg, Faust, and Schoeffer, and the different members of the
firm, around the press in almost breathless suspense at the trial of
the leaden type!
“This will never do,” exclaimed Faust in dismay, as the proof-sheet was
drawn out, after Gutenberg had turned the screw. Some of the type were
so much bent as to spoil the letters; others did not print at all. The
experiment was a failure.
“Patience!” cried the inventor, “we shall yet succeed. Turn you to
your type-setting, and let me manage the press;” and thus he spent the
remainder of the day. Working it by himself, he found that if the screw
was turned to a given point, it would, under his hand, print without
injuring the type; but when another took his place, it was sure to be
marred.
The artisans were much depressed when they separated for the night.
Gutenberg invited Schoeffer home to supper, that he might talk over the
matter.
“The lead type is plainly too soft,” remarked Gutenberg as they sat by
the cheerful fire in his own room in the Zum Jungen. “What we want is
softness and strength, a mixture of qualities. Another metal should be
added.”
“Have you tried iron?” asked Peter.
“Aye, some time since,” was the answer; “but it pierced the paper so
that it could not be used.”
Each then suggested and discussed different combinations of metals,
and decided to try experiments until the right alloy was found. And
thus the evening wore away.
One suggestive intellect stirs another. As the flint elicits the spark
from the steel, so two minds may jointly originate a new thought. Under
Gutenberg’s influence the workings of Peter Schoeffer’s active brain
took shape, and all the inventive faculty within him was brought into
exercise.
Now it so happened, as Nieritz relates, that Peter was accustomed to
experiment in metals, and the very next day, after sweating over the
fire in the back office, brought in an amalgam which he thought might
answer the purpose. It was a mixture of regulus of antimony and lead.
This proved to be of the requisite softness and strength.
The day of this discovery was an eventful one. It was Schoeffer’s first
invention. Faust called Gutenberg aside when he saw how well the new
material worked, to congratulate him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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