Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and EssaysTyndall, John
Philosophy
Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and Essays
Tyndall, John
Science
HUMBOLDT, Views of Nature, Bohn’s ed., London, 1850, p. 380. This
allegory did not appear in the first edition of the Views of Nature.
In the preface to the second edition the author gives the following
account of its origin: “Schiller,” he says, “in remembrance of his
youthful medical studies, loved to converse with me, during my long
stay at Jena, on physiological subjects.” * * * “It was at this period
that I wrote the little allegory on Vital Force, called The Rhodian
Genius. The predilection which Schiller entertained for this piece,
which he admitted into his periodical, _Die Horen_, gave me courage to
introduce it here.” It was published in _Die Horen_ in 1795.
Footnote 2:
HUMBOLDT, _op. cit._, p. 386. In his _Aphorismi ex doctrina
Physiologiæ chemicæ Plantarum_, appended to his _Flora Fribergensis
subterranea_, published in 1793, Humboldt had said “Vim internam, quæ
chymicæ affinitatis vincula resolvit, atque obstat, quominus elementa
corporum libere conjungantur, vitalem vocamus.” “That internal force,
which dissolves the bonds of chemical affinity, and prevents the
elements of bodies from freely uniting, we call vital.” But in a note
to the allegory above mentioned, added to the third edition of the
Views of Nature in 1849, he says: “Reflection and prolonged study in
the departments of physiology and chemistry have deeply shaken my
earlier belief in peculiar so-called vital forces. In the year 1797, *
* * I already declared that I by no means regarded the existence of
these peculiar vital forces as established.” And again: “The
difficulty of satisfactorily referring the vital phenomena of the
organism to physical and chemical laws depends chiefly (and almost in
the same manner as the prediction of meteorological processes in the
atmosphere) on the complication of the phenomena, and on the great
number of the simultaneously acting forces as well as the conditions
of their activity.”
Footnote 3:
Compare HENRY BENCE JONES, Croonian Lectures on Matter and Force.
London, 1868, John Churchill & Sons.
Footnote 4:
Ib., Preface, p. vi.
Footnote 5:
RANKINE, W. J. M., Philosophical Magazine, Feb., 1853. Also Edinburgh
Philosophical Journal, July, 1855.
Footnote 6:
ARMSTRONG, Sir WM. In his address as President of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science. Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1863,
li.
Footnote 7:
GROVE, W. R., in 1842. Compare “Nature” i, 335, Jan. 27, 1870. Also
Appleton’s Journal, iii, 324, Mch. 19, 1870.
Footnote 8:
Id., in Preface to The Correlation of Physical Forces, 4th ed.
Reprinted in The Correlation and Conservation of Forces, edited by E.
L. Youmans, p. 7. New York, 1865, D. Appleton & Co.
Footnote 9:
Id., ib., Am. ed., p. 33 et seq.
Footnote 10:
JOULE, J. P., Philosophical Transactions, 1850, p. 61.
Footnote 11:
See American Journal of Science, II, xxxvii, 296, 1864.
Footnote 12:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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