Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and EssaysTyndall, John
Philosophy
Half Hours With Modern Scientists: Lectures and Essays
Tyndall, John
Science
What now of the unities of form and power in protoplasm? By form, Mr.
Huxley will be found to mean the general appearance and structure; and
by faculty or power, the action exhibited. Now it will be very easy to
prove that, in neither respect, do all specimens of protoplasm agree.
Mr. Huxley’s representative protoplasm, it appears, is that of the
nettle-sting; and he describes it as a granulated, semi-fluid body,
contractile in mass, and contractile also in detail to the development
of a species of circulation. Stricker, again, speaks of it as a
homogeneous substance, in which any granules that may appear must be
considered of foreign importation, and in which there are no evidences
of circulation. In this last respect, then, that Mr. Huxley should talk
of “tiny Maelstroms,” such as even in the silence of a tropical noon
might stun us, if heard, as “with the roar of a great city,” may be
viewed, perhaps, as a rise into poetry beyond the occasion.
Further, according to Stricker, protoplasm varies almost infinitely in
consistence, in shape, in structure, and in function. In consistence, it
is sometimes so fluid as to be capable of forming in drops; sometimes
semi-fluid and gelatinous; sometimes of considerable resistance. In
shape—for to Stricker the cells are now protoplasm—we have club-shaped
protoplasm, globe-shaped protoplasm, cup-shaped protoplasm,
bottle-shaped protoplasm, spindle-shaped protoplasm—branched, threaded,
ciliated protoplasm,—circle-headed protoplasm—flat, conical,
cylindrical, longitudinal, prismatic, polyhedral, and palisade-like
protoplasm. In structure, again, it is sometimes uniform and sometimes
reticulated into interspaces that contain fluid. In function, lastly—and
here we have entered on the consideration of faculty or power—some
protoplasm is vagrant (so to translate _wandernd_), and of unknown use,
like the colorless blood-corpuscles.
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