Half hours with the lower animals : $b protozoans, sponges, corals, shells, insects, and crustaceansHolder, Charles Frederick
Science
Half hours with the lower animals : $b protozoans, sponges, corals, shells, insects, and crustaceans
Holder, Charles Frederick
Animals; Invertebrates
This peculiar phosphorescence is not their only interesting feature.
Nearly all the jellies afford protection to fishes, crabs, and various
small animals. As I drifted over the waters of the Gulf of Mexico
almost every large jelly that I examined had one or more little fishes
of the mackerel family up among its lobes or tentacles. As they always
resembled the tentacles in tint or color, a delicate pink, they found
protection amid the death-dealing darts. The most remarkable example of
this strange companionship of dangerous jellies and delicate fishes is
found in the Physalia, or Portuguese man-of-war (Fig. 26), one of the
most beautiful of all the animals that make up the group to which the
jellyfishes belong. Physalia is a bubble tinted with purple hues, four
or five inches long--a fairy ship of pearly tints. On its upper portion
is a sail which can be raised and lowered, while from the lower part
depends a mass of beautiful blue or purple tentacles which sometimes
are nearly one hundred feet in length. During the summer of 1902 I
found them on the outer islands of the Texan coast in great numbers,
stranded on the sands, while scores of others sailed on through the
pass into the quiet waters of Aransas Bay. Among the islands of the
Tortugas group I often saw them dotting the calm waters, the sunlight
on their delicate tints presenting beautiful combinations of colors.
[Illustration: FIG. 26.--The Physalia.]
It may appear strange that one of the most resplendent of animals
should be the most dangerous, yet such is the case. The attractive
tentacles which drag behind the Physalia are deadly to almost every
fish. I have found a hawkbill turtle weighing twenty pounds caught
and benumbed by one; and fishes which touch the seeming worms roll
over dead, as though stunned by an electric shock. In swimming around
one of the keys of the reef I unwittingly passed over the train of
one, and if I had been alone, I doubt if I could have reached the
shore, so terrible was the burning pain. A year afterward my flesh
had the appearance of having been tattooed in fanciful designs. Yet
despite the deadly nature of this maze of traps and lures, a little
fish lives up among them, and what is more remarkable, is the exact
color of the tentacles, a rich blue. So exact is this resemblance that
it is very difficult to see the little attendants, but if you lift
the dainty man-of-war by its sail, they rush about greatly alarmed by
their exposed condition. I have been told that the Physalia eats these
attendant courtiers, but in hundreds of specimens which I examined
I never saw the little fish in the toils. They swam about among the
death-dealing tentacles with the greatest freedom. The secret of the
poison lies in the lasso cells of the tentacles, as in the case of the
jellyfish, but in this instance they are much more poisonous. Along
the southern beaches, where the Physalia is common, their stranded
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