Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). HALLOWED HERITAGE [Illustration: decorative] Hallowed Heritage: T H E L I F E O F V I R G I N I A [Illustration: publisher's mark] _by_ DOROTHY M. TORPEY _Head of Social Studies Department_ FRANCIS C. HAMMOND HIGH SCHOOL ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 1961 WHITTET & SHEPPERSON, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA [Illustration: decorative] Copyright 1961 by Dorothy M. Torpey Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 60-53266 Printed by Whittet & Shepperson, Richmond, Virginia TO MY MOTHER AND BILL _whose encouragement and understanding were inspirational_ [Illustration: landing on shore] INTRODUCTION From the founding of the first permanent English settlement in America at Jamestown to the present-day launching of the country's largest ships at Hampton Roads, the name "Virginia" suggests a geographical area which has formed the background for innumerable local, state, national and international events. An understanding of "The Life of Virginia"--geographical, historical, economic, cultural and political phases of living--should result in a better appreciation of the unique role played by Virginia in the development and progress of the United States of America. --D. M. T. CONTENTS Introduction 5 Chapter One: Geographical Life 11 _Location and Topographical Regions_ _Unique Features_ _Rivers and Lakes_ _Climate_ _Natural Resources_ _Human Resources_ _Summary_ Chapter Two: Historical Life, 1584-1775 24 _Exploration and Colonization_ _The Commonwealth and the "Golden Age"_ _The Pre-Revolutionary War Era_ _Summary_ Chapter Three: Historical Life, 1775-1860 63 _The Revolutionary War Era_ _The Adoption of the United States and State Constitutions_ _State and National Events (1789-1860)_ _Summary_ Chapter Four: Historical Life, 1860-Present 108 _The War Between the States_ _The Reconstruction Period and Its Aftermath_ _Twentieth Century Developments_ _Summary_ Chapter Five: Economic Life 150 _The Work Force_ _Types of Employment_ _Importance of Transportation_ _Summary_ Chapter Six: Cultural Life 163 _Literature_ _Art and Sculpture_ _Architecture_ _Music and Drama_ _Education_ _Summary_ Chapter Seven: Political Life 201