The whole of this technique has not been generally adopted as a routine, but nevertheless the teachings of Crile have greatly influenced the mind and practice of most surgeons and anæsthetists. Traces of that teaching are to be found everywhere in the organisation built up during the Great War to save as many as possible of the lives of badly smashed men. At no previous time in the history of surgery was the problem of shock so pressing, and a brief resumé of the methods adopted is here set down, as an example of how shock should be dealt with. [Illustration: FIG. 4.--Lane’s apparatus for subcutaneous infusion of saline solution.] Treatment of Shock among the Casualties of the War. The first essentials demanded were the most careful organisation, the provision of equipment far in advance of most home civilian hospitals, and of surgical teams specially trained to a high level of excellence. Upon recovery from the field, the injured man received at the ADVANCED DRESSING STATION, such first aid dressing as was necessary, and a substantial dose of _morphia_. When the latter had had time to take effect, the case was passed back to the Field Ambulance (where he received his first dose of antitetanic serum), and from there to the CASUALTY CLEARING STATION. During every stage of the journey, he received as much _warm fluid nourishment as possible_. Arrived at the C.C.S., the severe case was passed first into the RESUSCITATION WARD. This department, under the charge of a specially trained M.O., concentrated largely upon two measures--the thorough _warming_ of the patient, and the replacing as far as possible of the fluids lost to him by hæmorrhage and shock. The warming in many C.C.S.’s was effected by electric radiant heat baths. The fluids were replaced either by way of infusing blood from another patient, or by the use of _gum saline solution_. Introduced into a vein, the action of this solution persists for a much longer period than that of ordinary saline, being less easily lost by osmosis through the capillaries into the tissues. From the resuscitation ward, the patient passed to the OPERATING THEATRE. Though the full technique of anoci-association was not always possible, the maxims which Crile had sought to inculcate into the practice of surgery influenced the work of surgeons and anæsthetists very profoundly. Nitrous oxide and oxygen was used for all the severely shocked cases, and infiltration with local anæsthetics where feasible and necessary. Subcutaneous Infusion of Saline. For those who do not feel bound to adopt the Crile technique this is a simple measure which does much to minimise shock in prolonged abdominal operations. Saline infusion into a vein is so rapidly excreted that its influence is very fugacious, but if the fluid be introduced under the skin during the period of operation it is slowly absorbed as required by the blood. Sir Arbuthnot Lane is a strong advocate of this measure.