=Habit.=--Medium-sized to large tree, 30-70 feet high, with trunk 1-3 feet in diameter; erect, branches spreading, broad-headed; in general appearance resembling the white ash. =Bark.=--Trunk dark gray or brown, smooth in young trees, furrowed in old, furrows rather shallower than in the white ash; branches grayish; young shoots greenish-gray with a rusty-velvety or scurfy pubescence lasting often into the second year. =Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Buds rounded, dark reddish-brown, more or less downy, smaller than those of the white ash, partially covered by the swollen petiole. Leaves pinnately compound, opposite, 9-15 inches long; petiole short, downy, enlarged at base; leaflets 7-9, opposite, 3-5 inches long, about one half as wide, light green and smooth above, paler and more or less downy beneath; outline extremely variable, ovate, narrow-oblong, elliptical or sometimes obovate, entire or slightly toothed; apex acute to acuminate; base acute or rounded; leaflet stalks short, grooved, downy; stipules and stipels none. =Inflorescence.=--May. Similar to that of the white ash. =Fruit.=--Ripening in early fall, and hanging in clusters into the winter; samara or key about 1-1/2 inches long; body of the fruit narrowly cylindrical, the edges gradually widening from about the center into linear or spatulate wings, obtuse or rounded at the ends, sometimes mucronate. =Horticultural Value.=--Hardy throughout New England; grows readily in any good soil, but prefers a wet or moist, rich loam; almost as rapid growing when young as the white ash, and is not seriously affected by insects or fungous diseases; worthy of a place in landscape plantations and on streets, but not often found in nurseries; propagated from seed. [Illustration: PLATE LXXXIV.--Fraxinus Pennsylvanica.] 1. Winter buds. 2. Branch with sterile flowers. 3. Sterile flowers. 4. Branch with fertile flowers. 5. Fertile flower. 6. Fruiting branch. 7. Mature leaf. =Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata, Sarg.= _Fraxinus viridis, Michx. f. Fraxinus lanceolata, Borkh._ GREEN ASH. River valleys and wet woods. Ontario to Saskatchewan. Maine,--common along the Penobscot river from Oldtown to Bangor; Vermont,--along Lake Champlain; Gardner's island, and the north end of South Hero; Rhode Island (Bailey); Connecticut,--frequent (J. N. Bishop, _Report of Connecticut Board of Agriculture_, 1895). South along the mountains to Florida; west to the Rocky mountains. The claims to specific distinction rest mainly upon the usual absence of pubescence from the young shoots, leaves and petioles, the color of the leaves (which is bright green above and scarcely less so beneath), the usually more distinct serratures above the center, and a rather more acuminate apex. Apparently an extreme form of _F. pubescens_, connected with it by numerous intermediate forms through the entire range of the species. [Illustration: PLATE LXXXV.--Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata.]