Hans HolbeinChamberlain, Arthur B. (Arthur Bensley)
History
Hans Holbein
Chamberlain, Arthur B. (Arthur Bensley)
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543
The subjects chosen for the interior decoration of the Basle Town Hall
were also from classical antiquity. Richly ornamented columns divided
the walls into a number of spaces, which were filled with paintings
representing the vital importance to a community of impartial justice.
Holbein’s subjects were _Charondas, the Lawgiver, plunging the Sword
into his own Heart_; _Zaleucus ordering his own Right Eye to be torn out
instead of his Son’s_; _Curius Dentatus sending back the Ambassadors of
the Samnites_; and _Sapor, King of Persia, using the Body of the
captured Emperor Valerian as a step from which to mount his Horse_. The
smaller panels were single figures, such as _Christ_, _David_,
_Justice_, _Wisdom_, and _Moderation_. The remaining wall in the Hall,
painted in 1530, was covered with two large Biblical subjects--_Rehoboam
dismissing the Messengers of the Israelites with fierce threats_, and
_The meeting of Samuel and Saul_, when the Prophet angrily reproves the
King for having disobeyed the command of God in sparing the Amalekites.
The original sketches for both these compositions still exist, and are
sufficient to prove how fine the completed pictures must have been. The
vehement gesture of Rehoboam is well conceived, and the composition of
the Samuel and Saul is masterly.
The two large allegorical friezes for the banquet-room of the Steelyard
merchants in London must have been equally fine. The original sketch for
_The Triumph of Riches_ (Louvre) shows how easily the genius of the
artist adapted itself to this kind of work. The figures in these two
compositions, which were done in _tempera_ on canvas, were life-size.
They soon became famous, and in 1574 were copied by Zucchero, who,
according to Carl van Mander, declared they were as fine as anything
accomplished by Raphael. Such triumphal processions as these were, of
course, a favourite method of decoration in his day, of which Mantegna’s
_Triumph of Cæsar_ was the most famous. In _The Triumph of Riches_ he
depicted Plutus, God of Wealth, seated in a car drawn by four horses,
with Fortune in front, her veil flying behind her, scattering gold among
the accompanying crowd, which is made up of many men of antiquity famous
for their wealth, luxury, or avarice. In _The Triumph of Poverty_
Poverty herself, an ancient and miserable hag, and her comrade,
Misfortune, are drawn in a poor barrow by two asses, Stupidity and
Inactivity, and two oxen, Negligence and Sloth. The vehicle is driven by
Hope, who is accompanied by Industry, Memory, and Experience, who
distribute axe or hammer, spade or flail, symbols of work, among the
poverty-stricken people who crowd round.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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