Transcriber’s Notes: Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Antiquated spellings have been preserved. Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected. _International Library of Technology_ 333 Hardware, Estimating, and Mill Design 223 ILLUSTRATIONS Prepared Under Supervision of W. S. LOWNDES, Ph. B. DIRECTOR, SCHOOLS OF ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS BUILDERS’ HARDWARE ESTIMATING AND CALCULATING QUANTITIES MILL DESIGN Published by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY SCRANTON, PA. 1925 Builders’ Hardware: Copyright, 1908, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Stationers’ Hall, London. Estimating and Calculating Quantities, Part 1: Copyright, 1899, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Copyright, 1908, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Stationers’ Hall, London. Estimating and Calculating Quantities, Part 2: Copyright, 1899, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Copyright, 1909, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Stationers’ Hall, London. Mill Design: Copyright, 1907, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Stationers’ Hall, London. All rights reserved Printed in U. S. A. PRESS OF INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY SCRANTON, PA. PREFACE The volumes of the International Library of Technology are made up of Instruction Papers, or Sections, comprising the various courses of instruction for students of the International Correspondence Schools. The original manuscripts are prepared by persons thoroughly qualified both technically and by experience to write with authority, and in many cases they are regularly employed elsewhere in practical work as experts. The manuscripts are then carefully edited to make them suitable for correspondence instruction. The Instruction Papers are written clearly and in the simplest language possible, so as to make them readily understood by all students. Necessary technical expressions are clearly explained when introduced.