QUANTITY OF NAILS REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES ======================================+========+================= Material | Pounds |Kind of Nails and |Required| Size in Pennies --------------------------------------+--------+----------------- 1,000 shingles | 5 | 4 1,000 laths, 4 nails to a lath | 7 | 3, fine 1,000 laths, 6 nails to a lath | 9 | 3, fine 1,000 sq. ft. beveled siding | 18 | 6 1,000 sq. ft. sheathing | 20 | 8 1,000 sq. ft. sheathing | 25 | 10 1,000 sq. ft. flooring, rough | 30 | 8 1,000 sq. ft. flooring, rough | 40 | 10 | | 1,000 sq. ft. studding | 15 | 10 | 5 | 20 | | 1,000 sq. ft. furring, 1" × 2" | 10 | 10 1,000 sq. ft. ⅞" finished flooring | 20 | 8 to 10, finish 1,000 sq. ft. 1⅛" finished flooring | 30 | 10, finish ======================================+========+================= ROOFING =55. Kinds of Roof Covering.=—The =roof coverings= most generally used are shingles, slate, tin, tile, and tarred paper and gravel (known as gravel roofing). While there are slight variations in the methods of measuring the different kinds, they are all based on the square of 100 square feet. =56. Shingles.=—In measuring =shingle roofing=, it is necessary to know the exposed length of a shingle. This is found by deducting 3 inches (the usual cover over the head of the lowest shingle in the four overlapping courses) from the length and dividing the remainder by 3. Thus, in Fig. 5, the distance _b_ that one shingle is overlapped by the third above it is usually made equal to 3 inches, and the remaining length of the lowest shingle may be divided into three equal portions, each equal to _a_. The lowest of these three portions is the part exposed to the weather. Multiplying the length exposed to the weather by the average width of a shingle will give the exposed area. Dividing 14,400, the number of square inches in a square, by the exposed area of 1 shingle, in square inches, will give the number of shingles required to cover 100 square feet of roof. For example, it is required to compute the number of shingles 18 in. × 4 in. needed to cover 100 square feet of roof. With a shingle of this length, the exposure will be 18 - 3 ------ = 5 inches; 3 then, the exposed area of 1 shingle is 4 in. × 5 in., or 20 square inches, and 1 square requires 14,400 ÷ 20 = 720 shingles. [Illustration: FIG. 5] An allowance should always be made for waste in estimating the number of shingles required.