=30. Outside Blind and Shutter Hinges.=—The outside shutter, or blind, is still much used in the construction of dwelling houses, and a great variety of hardware is made to use in conjunction with hanging these devices. Only the most common of the many available types of this kind of hardware, however, will be treated here. The hinge illustrated in Fig. 26 may be classed among the oldest types of shutter hinge. This hinge is made of cast-iron and is formed with a gravity-locking device intended to hold the shutter in position when opened against the building. It is known as the _Lull and Porter hinge_, and is made in various sizes that are designed to throw the shutter from 1½ to 6½ inches away from the casing, so as to clear all obstructions consequent to the various constructions. A sill catch must be used in conjunction with this hinge, in order to hold the shutter in place when closed and to prevent it from blowing open. [Illustration: FIG. 26] [Illustration: FIG. 27] A similar type of hinge, known as the _Clark hinge_, is illustrated in Fig. 27. This hinge is made of cast-iron, and in three sizes, which are arranged to throw the blind 1¼, 3¼, or 4¼ inches from the casing. The hinge with the largest throw is used on brick buildings. With this hinge, as with the one just described, a sill catch must be used to keep the shutter closed. [Illustration: FIG. 28] In specifying cast-iron hinges of the types just considered, it is well to mention that they shall be extra heavy, from the fact that there are so many in the market of such light construction as to be practically worthless. A type of the =gravity-locking hinge=, which is better than the cast-iron hinge, is illustrated in Fig. 28. This hinge is made entirely of steel, and is known as the _Stanley gravity blind hinge_. There is only one size of this hinge manufactured, and it is used for frame buildings. All of the parts of this hinge are interchangeable and reversible, so that it may be used for either right- or left-hand blinds. There is a wrought-steel hinge, known as the _Stanley blind hinge_, which has not the gravity-locking device, but which obtains a greater purchase on the shutter. This hinge is illustrated in Fig. 29; the hinge shown at (_a_) is for frame buildings, while that shown at (_b_) is arranged for brick walls. [Illustration: FIG. 29]