Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. IX.—February, 1851.—Vol. II.Various
General
Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. IX.—February, 1851.—Vol. II.
Various
American literature -- Periodicals; Civilization -- Periodicals; Culture -- Periodicals
It is a wretched result of the art of ballooning, if it can be turned to
no better account than this. Can, then, nothing more important be
brought out of it? Can it never be rendered subservient to the ordinary
purposes of human life? The opinion almost universally prevalent among
men, not excluding scientific men, is that it can not. Some aeronauts,
indeed, assure us that the time is fast approaching when aerial
transition will inevitably be placed as far before railroad and
steam-boat transition as the latter are before the old-fashioned sail
and horse-power modes. But the most of men place little faith in these
flattering anticipations; they listen to or read them with as dogged a
skepticism as they read or hear the celebrated vaticination of Bishop
Wilkins, that it would be as common for man hereafter to call for his
wings when about to make a journey, as it then was to call for his boots
and spurs. They doubt whether, with all the characteristic marks of
progress that distinguish the present age, balloons will ever become a
safe, cheap, and expeditious means of traveling. Whether the aeronauts
are most to be justified in their sanguine expectations, or the rest of
mankind in their cautious incredulity, time alone will determine. Our
judgment, we confess, strongly inclines to the side of the skeptics.
Much is still desiderated, in order to the practicability of ballooning
as a generally useful art. A new gas, at once cheap in its production,
and of sufficient buoyancy, must be discovered. The gases at present
employed for inflating balloons are either too expensive or too heavy.
Hydrogen, which is almost fourteen times lighter than common air, is the
lightest gas known, but the expense at which it is procured is an
insuperable objection to its practical utility. To produce a quantity
sufficient to raise the weight of a pound, four and a half pounds of
iron or six of zinc, with equal quantities of sulphuric acid, would be
required. Carbureted hydrogen or coal gas is much cheaper, and brings
the cost of what may be necessary for experimental purposes--though this
is by no means inconsiderable--within the compass of more ordinary
means. But, as it is only about one half lighter than atmospheric air,
it would require a machine of immense size to support any great weight;
and the whole experience of ballooning proves the difficulty of managing
a body of great magnitude. Another great desideratum in aerial
navigation is a power of guiding the balloon according to a given
direction--of propelling it through the atmosphere as steam-boats are
propelled on the ocean. It has indeed been said that, as nature is very
profuse in the variety of atmospherical currents within two miles above
the level of the sea, we are not, in sailing through the air, driven to
the necessity of attempting to go right against the wind, but have only
to ascend or descend, as the case may be, to a current, which will waft
the vessel to its desired destination.
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