[Illustration: HARPER'S ROUND TABLE] Copyright, 1897, by HARPER & BROTHERS. All Rights Reserved. * * * * * PUBLISHED WEEKLY. NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1897. FIVE CENTS A COPY. VOL. XVIII.--NO. 898. TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. * * * * * [Illustration] FAMOUS CAVALRY CHARGES. BY RICHARD BARRY. COOKE'S CAVALRY AT GAINES'S MILL. It was a strange fact that those in authority at Washington and those in charge of the immediate conduct of the Union armies in the field did not early in the war recognize the immense importance of a well-organized cavalry. The idea that cavalry should be used merely as an auxiliary arm of the service was held by General Scott, and those who immediately followed him in command seem to have held the same opinion. The small bodies of troopers of both the regular and volunteer branches of the mounted service were attached to various isolated army corps. Their duties consisted mainly in taking the places of orderly messengers, doing patrol duty, and acting as advance outposts. Their duties were onerous, and were not calculated to bring them much chance for glory or advancement. The cavalry Captains and leaders demurred greatly against this false position, and it may be said that the lesson that the Union Generals learned in regard to the uses of mounted troops was gained from the experience of battle, when they had arrayed against them the quickly moving, impetuous horsemen of Stuart and the younger Lees. But even before the North had developed the magnificent and well-ordered brigades that figured so conspicuously in the latter years of the war, there occurred not a few instances where the trooper with his pistol and sabre distinguished himself before the enemy and under the eyes of his countrymen. The first charge of any importance that took place before the reform was inaugurated that gave the men in the saddles a worthy position was at the battle of Gaines's Mill, on the 27th of June, 1862. About the part that the cavalry played in this affair much bitter controversy has arisen. Men whose names are well known, whose intrepid bravery and worth have long been recognized, have taken stands upon this question. It is not the place of an article so short as this to go into this in detail. We have but to tell of the brave actions which occurred that day, and to relate the facts and important happenings on the left of the line of battle, where the small detachments of cavalry that made the charge were placed.