How many readers of YOUNG PEOPLE know the date of the Independence-day of the United States of Mexico? They have such a day, which is kept with great rejoicings, ringing of bells, booming of cannons, and no end of popping fire-crackers. Spanish rule had long been very heavy and oppressive for the inhabitants of Mexico, and on the Sixteenth of September, 1810, a small company of men, led by a priest named Hidalgo, issued a proclamation calling upon the Mexicans to rise against their tyrannical Spanish rulers. The people were not well organized; and although their desire for liberty was very strong, it took many years of hard fighting to drive the Spaniards out of the country. It was not until 1821 that Mexico gained her freedom. Hidalgo and other early leaders of the revolutionary movement had been killed by the Spaniards, and the people were not as yet wise enough to make good use of their liberty. They had been oppressed so many years that they did not know how to form a true republic. The first thing they did was to proclaim a man named Iturbide Emperor of Mexico. The people owed much to Iturbide, for it was by his skill and good generalship that they gained their freedom; but they should not have made him an Emperor. He oppressed the people so much that they soon had to rise again and drive him from the country. It took the Mexicans many years to learn how to live under a republican government. They had many revolutions and much trouble, but they loved liberty, and went to work bravely to learn how to use it wisely. They abolished slavery more than fifty years ago, and the Constitution under which the people are now living peacefully and happily is very much like the Constitution of the United States. Every fourth year they elect a President. The name of the man now in office is Manuel Gonzalez. The Sixteenth of September, the day on which the poor priest Hidalgo and his little band of patriots issued the proclamation against Spanish rule, is observed all over Mexico as a glorious Independence-day. At sunrise the bells ring merrily, cannons are fired from all the forts, and thousands of little boys begin a lively sport with torpedoes and fire-crackers. Then during the day come public meetings with patriotic speeches, and splendid military parades with joyous martial music. As evening draws near, the impatience, especially of the little Indian boys, grows so great for the fire-works to begin that long before sunset they send up fire-balloons of bright-colored paper, and when it is dark the air is full of these flying stars. The boys are very skillful in making these balloons, and a boy will often have a great number of them, which he has made himself, all ready to send up on that glorious Independence-night. [Illustration: MEXICAN FIRE-WORKS--THE "TORO."]