With these eye-movements, the possible appearances are of two classes, according to the localization of the after-image. The image is localized either at _A_ (Fig. 5), or at the final fixation-point (_P_ or _P'_, according to the direction of the movement). Localized at _A_, the image may be seen in either of two shapes. First, it may be identical with 1, Fig. 7. It is seen somewhat peripherally, judgment of indirect vision, and is correctly localized at _A_. When the subject's eye is watched, it is found that in this case it moved either too soon or too late, so that when the exposure was made, the eye was resting quietly on one of the fixation-points and so naturally received the same image as in case 1, except that now it lies in indirect vision, the eye being directed not toward _A_ (as in case 1) but towards either _P_ or _P'_. Second, the image correctly localized may be like 2 (Fig. 7), and then it is seen to move past the opening _ON_. The handle _h_ looks as bright as _e_, _e_. This appearance once obtained generally recurs with each successive swing of the pendulum, and scrutiny of the subject's eye shows it to be moving, not by separate voluntary innervations from _P_ to _P'_ and then from _P'_ to _P_, but continuously back and forth with the swing of the pendulum, much as the eye of a child passively follows a moving candle. This movement is purely reflex,[20] governed probably by cerebellar centers. It seems to consist in a rapid succession of small reflex innervations, and is very different from the type of movement in which one definite innervation carries the eye through its 42°, and which yielded the phenomena with the perimeter. A subject under the spell of this reflex must be exercised in innervating his eye to move from _P_ to _P'_ and back in single, rapid leaps. For this, the pendulum is to be motionless and the eye is not to be stimulated during its movement. [20] Exner, Sigmund, _Zeitschrift f. Psychologie u. Physiologie der Sinnesorgane_, 1896, XII., S. 318. 'Entwurf zu einer physiologischen Erklärung der psychischen Erscheinungen,' Leipzig u. Wien, 1894, S. 128. Mach, Ernst, 'Beiträge zur Analyse der Empfindungen,' Jena, 1900, S. 98. These two cases in which the image is localized midway between _P_ and _P'_ interest us no further. Localized on the final fixation-point, the image is always felt to flash out suddenly _in situ_, just as in the case of the 'correctly localized' after-image streaks in the experiments with the perimeter. The image appears in one of four shapes, Fig. 7: 2 or 3, 4 or 5. First, the plain or elongated outline of the dumb-bell appears with its handle on the final fixation-point (2 or 3). The image is plain and undistorted if the eye moves at just the rate of the pendulum, elongated if the eye moves more rapidly or more slowly. The point that concerns us is that the image appears _with its handle_. Two precautions must here be observed.