Two hundred and fifty-two homogeneous tests showed that there is
greatest interference when identicals are in immediate succession, and
least, when removed two places. The doubtful (fusion?) cases number
_one third_ of the inhibited. The 4th and 5th colors are permuted most
often, as was found to be the case in the heterogeneous series also.
The element is generally permuted but one place.
The heterogeneous color-tests show three times as much interference as
the corresponding number-tests, and the homogeneous twice as much. The
discrepancy in the amount of variation may be due to the experiments
with the heterogeneous colors being earlier, when naturally more errors
would be made.
However, a comparison of 252 homogeneous with the same number of
heterogeneous tests, taken at the same time, shows that there is
a much larger difference in the number of absolute errors between
the heterogeneous and the homogeneous number-series than there is,
proportionately, between the two series of color-tests.
Lest the want of correspondence in the results might have been due to
the comparatively small number of immediately successive identicals in
the color-tests, 90 homogeneous tests, equally distributed among all
possible variations in the location of the identical elements, were
compared with 90 heterogeneous, and it was unexpectedly found that the
absolute errors as well as the permutations were almost equal in the
two series. Nevertheless, the validity of a conclusion based on so few
tests may well be questioned.
Ranschburg found that simultaneous homogeneous stimuli interfere with
one another; while simultaneous heterogeneous stimuli clear the way for
one another. On the basis of the experiments with numbers, the writer
would amend the conclusion reached in the earlier research to read
thus: Homogeneous optical stimuli, whether occurring simultaneously in
different positions, or in immediate succession in the same positions,
interfere with one another; while heterogeneous stimuli clear the way
for one another.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 106: Ranschburg: Zeitschrift für Psychologie, vol. 30, 1902.]
[Footnote 107: Fusion or inhibition?]
SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE SIMULTANEITY
BY THOMAS H. HAINES
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