It was found that very different objective intensities of light were
required to give a maximum amount of curvature with the different
colors. The colored images were obtained by placing colored pieces of
glass in a frame which stood before the source of light. The intensity
of the light could be regulated by interposing or taking away pieces
of ground glass which rested in the frame between the light and the
colored glass.
The red glass gave a nearly saturated color, but its place in the
spectrum was rather nearer the orange than I could have wished. It
was a thick piece of glass and absorbed a great deal of light. A
32-candle-power light with four pieces of ground glass in front of it
gave a maximum curve for most observers.
The yellow gave a very well-saturated color with light from the
incandescent lamps which we used. The glass was thinner and absorbed
less light than the red. A 32-candle-power lamp with three pieces of
ground glass usually gave the maximum.
Two 32-candle-power lamps and one of 24-candle-power were required with
the green.
The green glass was not quite so saturated in color as the red or
yellow. It was a slightly yellowish green. Red and yellow rays were
visible through it to some extent when it was examined through the
spectroscope. It absorbed somewhat less light than the red and
decidedly more than the yellow. The maximum curvature was obtained when
the source of light was screened with four pieces of ground glass.
The blue glass was a bluish violet, very heavy, and absorbed a great
deal of light; it allowed many red and violet rays to pass through. It
was necessary to use with this glass two 32-candle-power lamps and one
100-candle-power. When the combined light of these lamps was reduced by
interposing three thicknesses of ground glass, the maximum curvature
was observed. The light which then appeared, however, seemed of greater
intensity than any other which gave a maximum.
The curvature of the white light was measured again in order to compare
it with the colored lights. This was necessary, since the work was done
with a different set of subjects and the former work showed individual
variations. An 8-candle-power light was used as before. This, reduced
by four pieces of ground glass, gave the maximum in most cases.
The following curves and tables show the average of the observations of
four subjects. In the table the figures under the columns numbered 1
and 2 represent the amount of curvature perceived when the intensity of
light was greater than that required to give a maximum under 4 and 5,
when the light was not strong enough to produce a maximum of curvature.
The columns numbered 3 represent the greatest amount of curvature
perceptible with each color.
The curves shown in the diagram represent these measurements plotted
out.
TABLE
Intensities. 1 2 3 4 5
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