Harvey's Views on the Use of the Circulation of the BloodCurtis, John Green
History
Harvey's Views on the Use of the Circulation of the Blood
Curtis, John Green
Blood -- Circulation; Harvey, William, 1578-1657
"Therefore, relying with certainty upon what I have observed
in the egg and in the dissection of living animals, I maintain
against Aristotle that the blood is the primary generative
part; and that the heart is its organ, destined to send it on
a circuit. Surely the function of the heart is the propulsion
of the blood, as is admirably clear in all animals that have
blood; and in the generation of the chick the same duty falls
to the pulsating vesicle, which in the very early embryos of
animals[178] no less than in the egg I have often exhibited to
view as something more minute than a spark, beating and when in
action contracting itself and at the same time pressing out the
blood contained in it, and in its relaxation receiving the same
afresh."[179]
Whether in studying the foregoing passages we read Harvey's earlier
jottings in his private note-book or the deliberate statements
published in his old age, it is evident that to his mind the
question of the primacy of the blood versus the primacy of the
heart depends for answer upon the further question whether in the
development of the embryo the blood be made before the heart, or
the heart before the blood. In no other part than one of these two
can the primacy inhere, for him; and whichever of these two has the
priority must be, to Harvey's mind, the origin of the other and of
the remaining parts and must continue to be the "principal part" of
the body throughout life. The matter of the primacy thus resolves
itself into one of well-devised and accurate observation; and the
discoverer is once more upon the ground where his undying laurels
grew. He, therefore, deals no longer "without demonstration," as
in the second Exercise to Riolanus, but makes report of actual
observations and so gives ocular evidence in support of his views,
remembering, it may be, that he had said to Riolanus: "Soon,
perhaps, I shall make public things even more wonderful and destined
to cast even greater light on natural philosophy."[180] Harvey's
contemporary Milton said to Parliament: "Truth is compar'd in
Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a
perpetuall progression, they sick'n into a muddy pool of conformity
and tradition."[181] These words seem timely as we note the great
discoverer, magnifying glass in hand, searching in incubated eggs
for an answer to the question, now wholly obsolete, whether the
primacy of the heart should not give way to the primacy of the blood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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