Lastly came a complaisant, civil gentleman, who was meant to represent either Sir Roger l’Estrange, or the King of France, or the Duke of York. “Taking all in good part, he went on his way to the fire.” At Temple Bar some of the mob had crowned the statue of Elizabeth with gilt laurel, and placed in her hand a gilt shield with the motto, “The Protestant Religion and Magna Charta.” A spear leant against her arm, and the niche was lit with candles and flambeaux, so that, as North said, she looked like the goddess Pallas, the object of some solemn worship and sacrifice. All this time perpetual battles and skirmishes went on between the Whigs and Tories at the different windows, and thousands of volleys of squibs were discharged. When the pope was at last toppled into the fire a prodigious shout was raised, that spread as far as Somerset House, where the queen then was, and, as a pamphleteer of the time says, before it ceased, reached Scotland, France, and even Rome. From these processions the word MOB (_mobile vulgus_) became introduced into our language.[11] In 1682, Charles II. tried to prohibit this annual festival, but it continued nevertheless till the reign of Queen Anne, or even later.[12] At Temple Bar, where the houses seemed turned into mountains of heads, and many fireworks were let off, a man representing the English cardinal (Philip Howard, brother of the Duke of Norfolk) sang a rude part-song with other men who personated the people of England. The cardinal first began:-- “From York to London town we come To talk of Popish ire, To reconcile you all to Rome, And prevent Smithfield fire.” To which the people replied, valorously:-- “Cease, cease, thou Norfolk cardinal, See! yonder stands Queen Bess, Who saved our souls from Popish thrall: Oh, Bess! Queen Bess! Queen Bess! “Your Popish plot, and Smithfield threat, We do not fear at all, For, lo! beneath Queen Bess’s feet, You fall! you fall! you fall! “’Tis true our king’s on t’other side, A looking t’wards Whitehall, But could we bring him round about, He’d counterplot you all. “Then down with James and up with Charles, On good Queen Bess’s side, That all true commons, lords, and earls May wish him a fruitful bride. “Now God preserve great Charles our king, And eke all honest men, And traitors all to justice bring: Amen! Amen! Amen!” It was formerly the barbarous and brutal custom to place the heads and quarters of traitors upon Temple Bar as scarecrows to all persons who did not consider William of Orange, or the Elector of Hanover, the rightful possessors of the English crown.