Hayti; or, The black republic.St. John, Spenser, Sir
History
Hayti; or, The black republic.
St. John, Spenser, Sir
Haiti; Haiti -- History
Article 200. The constitution cannot be suspended, in whole or in part,
on any excuse whatever. It can, however, be revised under certain
conditions.
Article 204. This is a very remarkable article. It suspends those
articles for a year which proclaim the immovability of the judges, in
order that the President may raise the magistracy to the height of its
mission.
Although this constitution appears very elaborate and proclaims great
principles, it leaves all details to be settled by special laws, which
are seldom passed, and never acted on unless it may suit the pleasure
of the chief of the State.
With the habits of the country, the framers of this constitution must
have known that, in making the President of Hayti swear to observe it,
they were forcing him to commit perjury by anticipation. The President
swore to it, but has not kept it, and probably never intended to keep
it. Article 24, which abolishes the punishment of death in political
cases, has been completely set aside, and dozens of coloured men of
mark have been sentenced to death and shot.
As the Russian Government is said to be a despotism tempered by
assassination, so the Haytian Government may be called a despotism
tempered by revolution and exile, and occasionally by death.
Their first ruler, Dessalines, was shot. Christophe committed suicide
to escape a worse fate. Pétion died President after twelve years of
power. Boyer was exiled after a Presidency that lasted for twenty-five
years. Hérard-Rivière was proclaimed President on December 30, 1843,
amid much enthusiasm, but on May 7, 1844, following he was deposed
amid greater enthusiasm, and exiled, and General Guerrier was named
President. Within less than a year he died, April 15, 1845, and General
Pierrot was elected by the Council of State, March 1, 1846. The
troops at St. Marc proclaimed Riché President, and Pierrot abdicated.
On the 27th February following (1847) Riché died, and on the 2d
March Soulouque was elected President. He soon tired of this form of
government, and proclaimed himself Emperor in August 1849, and held
that position till January 1859, when he was upset by General Geffrard
and exiled.
Geffrard restored the republic, and held the Presidency till February
1867, when he also went into exile, to be succeeded by General Salnave
in April 1867. In January 1870 the latter was overthrown and shot.
The only President who carried through his term of office, and was
neither exiled nor shot, was Nissage-Saget. At the completion of
his four years, he retired on a pension to his native city, and I
believe still lives. After Saget, General Domingue seized the reins
of government, but was expelled in 1876, and sent wounded into exile.
Boisrond-Canal followed. In the third year of his Presidency he was
overthrown and banished, and in October of the same year (1879) General
Salomon was elected for seven years.
It will thus be seen that two only of all these rulers completed their
terms of office.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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