Health on the Farm: A Manual of Rural Sanitation and HygieneHarris, H. F. (Henry Fauntleroy)
Science
Health on the Farm: A Manual of Rural Sanitation and Hygiene
Harris, H. F. (Henry Fauntleroy)
Rural health; Sanitation, Household
After the patient recovers, the room should be disinfected with
formaldehyde gas obtained from the substance known as "formalin."
This gas may now be obtained from the formalin without the use of
heat in the following manner: When everything is ready, and the
room properly sealed, thirteen ounces of permanganate of potash to
each quart of formalin are placed in a large vessel, the room being
closed immediately after the two substances are put together; it is
important that the permanganate be placed in the vessel first. When
this method is employed a quart of formalin should be used to each
one thousand cubic feet of air-space in the room. As the gas, by
this process, comes off with great rapidity, it is not necessary
to keep the room closed more than about four hours. This method is
to be advised for the reasons that it acts more quickly than the
older one, and there is never danger of fire.
In cases where houses are too open to permit of disinfection by
means of gas, the sick chamber should be thoroughly washed with a
solution of corrosive sublimate, carbolic acid or some other good
disinfectant.
HOOK-WORM DISEASE.
It has been only recently recognized that a large percentage of the
invalidism and a great number of the deaths yearly in the southern
portion of the United States are caused by a very small intestinal
parasite known as the _Necator americanus_, or hook-worm. This parasite
has unquestionably existed over the area just named since the advent of
the Negro--recent investigations having shown that the worm is in all
probability of African origin. This hook-worm disease is probably the
most common of all the serious diseases prevalent in the South, and as it
is easily curable, and can be readily prevented, there is no matter which
should be of greater interest to the people in the infected regions,
especially those who live in villages or on farms.
_Character of the Disease._--The animal parasite called hook-worm closely
resembles, externally, the pin-worm which so often occurs in children.
The female, which is larger than the male, measures somewhat more than
half an inch in length, and has the thickness of a knitting-needle; the
male is between a quarter and three-eighths of an inch in length as a
rule. The parasite possesses around its mouth a row of minute plates
somewhat resembling hooklets, by means of which it grasps hold of the
mucous membrane of the intestine and bruises it sufficiently to cause the
blood to flow; with this blood the parasite nourishes itself. At the same
time the worm injects into the tissues a poison which has much to do with
the symptoms that occur in the disease that it produces.
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