Classical literature; Greece -- History -- Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.; Greece -- History -- Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 404-362 B.C.
In consequence of the peace the Athenians proceeded to withdraw their
garrisons from the different sates, and sent to recall Iphicrates with
his fleet; besides which they forced him to restore everything captured
subsequently to the late solemn undertaking at Lacedaemon. The
Lacedaemonians acted differently. Although they withdrew their governors
and garrisons from the other states, in Phocis they did not do so. Here
Cleombrotus was quartered with his army, and had sent to ask directions
from the home authorities. A speaker, Prothous, maintained that their
business was to disband the army in accordance with their oaths, and
then to send round invitations to the states to contribute what each
felt individually disposed, and lay such sum in the temple of Apollo;
after which, if any attempt to hinder the independence of the states on
any side were manifested, it would be time enough then again to invite
all who cared to protect the principle of autonomy to march against its
opponents. "In this way," he added, "I think the goodwill of heaven
will be secured, and the states will suffer least annoyance." But the
Assembly, on hearing these views, agreed that this man was talking
nonsense. Puppets in the hands of fate! (1) An unseen power, it would
seem, was already driving them onwards; so they sent instructions to
Cleombrotus not to disband the army, but to march straight against
the Thebans if they refused to recognise the autonomy of the states.
(Cleombrotus, it is understood, had, on hearing the news of the
establishment of peace, sent to the ephorate to ask for guidance;
and then they sent him the above instructions, bidding him under the
circumstances named to march upon Thebes. (2))
(1) See Grote, "H. G." x. 237: "The miso-Theban impulse now drove them
on with a fury which overcame all other thoughts... a
misguiding inspiration sent by the gods--like that of the Homeric
Ate."
(2) This passage reads like an earlier version for which the above was
substituted by the author.
The Spartan king soon perceived that, so far from leaving the Boeotian
states their autonomy, the Thebans were not even preparing to disband
their army, clearly in view of a general engagement; he therefore felt
justified in marching his troops into Boeotia. The point of ingress
which he adopted was not that which the Thebans anticipated from Phocis,
and where they were keeping guard at a defile; but, marching through
Thisbae by a mountainous and unsuspected route, he arrived before
Creusis, taking that fortress and capturing twelve Theban war-vessels
besides. After this achievement he advanced from the seaboard and
encamped in Leuctra on Thespian territory. The Thebans encamped in
a rising ground immediately opposite at no great distance, and were
supported by no allies except the Boeotians.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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