Classical literature; Greece -- History -- Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.; Greece -- History -- Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 404-362 B.C.
At this juncture the friends of Cleombrotus came to him and urged upon
him strong reasons for delivering battle. "If you let the Thebans escape
without a battle," they said, "you will run great risks of suffering
the extreme penalty at the hands of the state. People will call to mind
against you the time when you reached Cynoscephelae and did not ravage a
square foot of Theban territory; and again, a subsequent expedition when
you were driven back foiled in your attempt to make an entry into the
enemy's country--while Agesilaus on each occasion found his entry
by Mount Cithaeron. If then you have any care for yourself, or any
attachment to your fatherland, march you against the enemy." That was
what his friends urged. As to his opponents, what they said was, "Now
our fine friend will show whether he really is so concerned on behalf of
the Thebans as he is said to be."
Cleombrotus, with these words ringing in his ears, felt driven (3) to
join battle. On their side the leaders of Thebes calculated that, if
they did not fight, their provincial cities (4) would hold aloof from
them and Thebes itself would be besieged; while, if the commonalty of
Thebes failed to get supplies, there was every prospect that the city
itself would turn against them; and, seeing that many of them had
already tasted the bitterness of exile, they came to the conclusion that
it was better for them to die on the field of battle than to renew that
experience. Besides this they were somewhat encouraged by the recital of
an oracle which predicted that the Lacedaemonians would be defeated
on the spot where the monument of the maidens stood, who, as the story
goes, being violated by certain Lacedaemonians, had slain themselves.
(5) This sepulchral monument the Thebans decked with ornaments before
the battle. Furthermore, tidings were brought them from the city that
all the temples had opened of their own accord; and the priestesses
asserted that the gods revealed victory. Again, from the Heracleion
men said that the arms had disappeared, as though Heracles himself had
sallied forth to battle. It is true that another interpretation (6)
of these marvels made them out to be one and all the artifices of the
leaders of Thebes. However this may be, everything in the battle turned
out adverse to the Lacedaemonians; while fortune herself lent aid to
the Thebans and crowned their efforts with success. Cleombrotus held his
last council "whether to fight or not," after the morning meal. In the
heat of noon a little goes a long way; and the people said that it took
a somewhat provocative effect on their spirits. (7)
(3) Or, "was provoked."
(4) Lit. "perioecid." See Thuc. iv. 76, Arnold's note, and "Hell." V.
iv. 46, 63.
(5) See Diod. xv. 54; Paus. IX. xiii. 3; Plut. "Pelop." xx.
(6) Or, "it is true that some people made out these marvels."
(7) Or, "they were somewhat excited by it."
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