The figures of Pergamene art as a whole are short and stocky with
squarish deep heads. They correspond to the Scopaic, pre-Lysippic, and
Peloponnesian type, but the Lysippic improvements in pose and swing of
the body are thoroughly appreciated and adopted. From Praxiteles are
derived the female type and the interest in the satyr as a vehicle of
sculptural expression. The athletic art of Lysippos and the school of
Sikyon is practically unrepresented at Pergamon or in those regions of
Ionia and Bithynia which are connected with it and at which we must now
glance.
From Priene we have remains of a gigantomachy and some other
sculpture.[33] The influence of Praxiteles is marked, and the work as
a whole is clearly under Pergamene guidance. From Magnesia we have
remains of a great Amazonomachy belonging to the frieze of the temple
of Artemis Leucophryene and dating from the end of the third century.
The work is dull and careless but strongly under the influence of
Pergamon. We shall in fact find no more architectural reliefs of even
tolerable quality. The new landscape or pictorial reliefs occupied the
attention of the sculptors, and temple decoration was left entirely to
workmen.
One of the great Hellenistic art centres is Tralles, whose treasures
are mainly to be seen in the Constantinople museum. The colossal Apollo
or Dionysos (Fig. 9) is closely connected in pose and treatment with
the Apollo of the Marsyas group, and shows even more clearly than the
torso in the Uffizi the influence of Praxiteles. The cloaked ephebe
of Tralles (Fig. 10) is a good example of the eclecticism of the age.
The leaning attitude with the crossed legs reminds us of the satyrs
of Praxiteles and his school, but the head is quite different and is
strongly reminiscent of Myron. Boethos of Chalcedon belongs by birth to
the northern or Pergamene sphere of influence, but he worked in Rhodes
and will be more suitably considered in connexion with Rhodian art.
Pergamene influence was also strong in the islands and on the mainland.
We shall see that the school of Melos and both Attic and Peloponnesian
art during the late third and second centuries were obviously affected
by it.
II
THE SCHOOL OF ALEXANDRIA
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