These considerations apply most powerfully to two great statues of
the Louvre, whose third-century date is almost certain: the Borghese
Warrior[72] and the Jason (Fig. 30). The former statue is by Agasias
of Ephesos, an artist whom we can date with some degree of certainty
in the middle of the third century. The Jason comes so close to the
Lysippic type of Poseidon on the one hand and to the Fighter of Agasias
on the other, that the Lysippic-Rhodian origin of the two is fairly
well established. The analogies of the Borghese Warrior with the
Apoxyomenos have been often pointed out, but his resemblances to the
Laocoon and the Farnese groups require an equal recognition. Both the
Louvre statues show the influence of a later generation on the Lysippic
type. While reproducing the general proportions, each develops
Lysippic innovations to a further degree. Lysippos made a distinct
advance in anatomical skill, but both these statues show a more exact
scientific knowledge. While their torso muscles are less prominent,
they reveal new details in abdomen, groin, and the inner side of the
thighs, unknown to the earlier sculptor. They also develop much further
the Lysippic substitution of an all-round figure for a merely frontal
one. Each of them can be regarded effectively from any point of view,
and neither has any real front. They, therefore, represent a distinct
technical advance. But at the same time they show a decline in artistic
feeling, for there is perhaps too much science about them. They belong
to a school immensely interested in detail, and tending, therefore,
to lose its grasp on the general treatment. The anatomical structure
of the male form cannot be rendered more perfectly than in the statue
of Agasias, so well known to all art students, but the statue affects
us with a feeling of strain and discomfort from its want of unity and
repose. All the athletic statues of the Rhodian school seem to be
restless and unsatisfied. There is none of the calm repose about them
that marked earlier Greek art. The desire to display newly acquired
scientific knowledge invariably demands a strained and therefore
disquieting motive. As we shall see when we come to examine the Laocoon
later, the influence of the stage appears to be affecting sculpture.
Poses are histrionic, and expression begins to depend upon grimaces and
action rather than upon more subtle indications of feeling.
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