[Linenotes: 1. +Sub ... certaminis+, i.e. _at the close of_ (+sub+) the first stage in the battle, in which the Roman cavalry were defeated. 2-3. +constabant ... Hispanisque.+ These formed Hannibal’s centre, the _convex_ of his semicircular formation of his infantry, with the African troops on the horns of the semicircle to the right and left, but at some distance behind. 4. +obliqua fronte+, perh. = _concave_, so as to surround _the projecting part of the enemy’s line_ (+a cetera prominentem acie+). 5. +cuneum:+ here = the _convex_ formation of the Gauls and Spaniards. 8-9. +in mediam aciem+ = _the centre of the line_, i.e. of the Gauls and Spaniards, who were intended to engage with the Romans first. 10. +subsidia+ = _reserves_, i.e. the Africans, on the right and left. 14-16. +Afri circa ... alas.+ Hannibal’s formation is now reversed.[33] The horns (+cornua+) of the semicircle (the Africans) are now advanced, and _outflanked_ (+circumdedere alas+) the Romans, who rushed heedlessly _into the intervening space_ (+in medium+, i.e. the _concave_ part of H.’s line formed by the retirement of the Gauls and Spaniards). 21-22. +recentibus ac vegetis+ = _fresh in body and mind_.] [Footnote 33: i.e. the Africans now formed the horns of a _crescent_ in relation to their centre, while it formed the _concave_ part of the crescent. --D.] +Results of the Battle.+ Hannibal becomes master of Magna Graecia, and the Romans lose (including 23,000 taken prisoners) about 70,000 men. C23 SECOND PUNIC WAR, 218-202 B.C. CANNAE, 216 B.C. (2) ‘_Paulus animae magnae prodigus._’ Cn. Lentulus tribunus militum cum praetervehens equo sedentem in saxo cruore oppletum consulem vidisset, ‘L. Aemili’ inquit, ‘quem unum insontem culpae cladis hodiernae dei respicere debent, cape hunc equum, dum et tibi virium aliquid superest, {5} et comes ego te tollere possum ac protegere. Ne funestam hanc pugnam morte consulis feceris; etiam sine hoc lacrimarum satis luctusque est.’ Ad ea consul: ‘Tu quidem, Cn. Corneli, macte virtute esto; sed cave frustra miserando exiguum tempus e {10} manibus hostium evadendi absumas. Abi, nuntia publice patribus, urbem Romanam muniant ac, priusquam victor hostis advenit, praesidiis firment; privatim Q. Fabio L. Aemilium praeceptorum eius memorem et vixisse adhuc et mori. Memet in hac {15} strage militum meorum patere exspirare, ne aut reus iterum e consulatu sim aut accusator oollegae existam, ut alieno crimine innocentiam meam protegam.’ Haec eos agentes prius turba fugientium civium, deinde hostes oppressere; consulem ignorantes, {20} quis esset, obruere telis, Lentulum inter tumultum arripuit equus. Tum undique effuse fugiunt. LIVY, xxii. 49.