[Linenotes: 2. +tanto spatio+: eventually the whole circuit of circumvallation covered at the least 16 miles: to this was afterwards added, just as before Alesia, an outer line of defence. 6. +aut aliqua offensione permotos+ = _or demoralised by some other mishap_ (+offensione+, lit. _stumbling_, and so _failure_). 12-15. Pompeius still had undisputed command of the sea.] +Caesar’s lines broken.+ Pompeius was informed by Celtic deserters that Caesar had not yet secured by a cross wall the beach between his two chains of entrenchment on his left (200 yards apart), leaving it possible to land troops from the sea into the unprotected space. Troops were landed by night: Caesar’s outer line of defence was carried, and his lines broken through. ‘Like Wellington at Burgos in 1812, Caesar failed from want of a sufficient force. In each case the only safe course was a retreat: in each case the retreat was conducted with admirable skill.’ --W. F. [Illustration: DYRRACHIUM. [_To face p. 216._] B56 CIVIL WAR, 49-45 B.C. (7) _The Eve of Pharsalus. Dream of Pompeius._ At nox, felicis Magno pars ultima vitae, Sollicitos vana decepit imagine somnos. Nam Pompeiani visus sibi sede theatri Innumeram effigiem Romanae cernere plebis, 10 Attollique suum laetis ad sidera nomen Vocibus, et plausu cuneos certare sonantes. Qualis erat populi facies clamorque faventis, Olim cum iuvenis primique aetata triumphi Post domitas gentes quas torrens ambit Hiberus, 15 Et quaecumque fugax Sertorius impulit arma, Vespere pacato, pura venerabilis aeque Quam currus ornante toga, plaudente senatu, Sedit adhuc Romanus eques: seu fine bonorum Anxia venturis ad tempora laeta refugit, 20 Sive per ambages solitas contraria visis Vaticinata quies magni tulit omina planctus, Seu vetito patrias ultra tibi cernere sedes Sic Romam fortuna dedit. Ne rumpite somnos. Castrorum vigiles, nullas tuba verberet aures. 25 Crastina dira quies et imagine maesta diurna Undique funestas acies feret undique bellum. Unde pares somnos populi noctemque beatam? O felix, si te vel sic tua Roma videret. LUCAN, _Pharsalia_, vii. 7-29.