[Linenote: 1. +M. Catone+, the famous Censor of 184 B.C. +principe+ = _founder_.] B. Ut primum tolli feralia viderat arma, Intonsos rigidam in frontem descendere canos 375 Passus erat maestamque genis increscere barbam: Uni quippe vacat studiis odiisque carenti Humanum lugere genus . . . Hi mores, haec duri immota Catonis 380 Secta fuit, servare modum finemque tenere Naturamque sequi patriaeque impendere vitam Nec sibi sed toti genitum se credere mundo. Huic epulae, vicisse famem; magnique penates, Summovisse hiemem tecto; pretiosaque vestis, 385 Hirtam membra super Romani more Quiritis Induxisse togam . . . Iustitiae cultor, rigidi servator honesti, 389 In commune bonus: nullosque Catonis in actus Subrepsit partemque tulit sibi nata voluptas. LUCAN, _Pharsalia_, ii. 374-391 (sel.) [Linenotes: 377. +uni+ (sc. _Catoni_), as the only true representative of the wise man of the Stoics. --Haskins. 381. +secta+ (sc. _via_, lit. _a beaten way_) here = _disciplina_ = _principles_. 381-383. +servare modum ... mundo.+ These expressions are Stoic maxims. Lucan (the nephew of Seneca) depicts the Stoic idea of virtue in the character of Cato. 382-383. +patriaeque ... mundo.+ Cato’s aim is +patriae impendere vitam+. His devotion to the service of humanity is complete; it is his part +toti genitum se credere mundo+. But this humanity includes Rome in the first place, the rest of the world in a quite secondary sense. --H. 386-387. +hirtam togam+ = _a coarse_ (lit. _hairy_) _toga_. 389. +honesti+ = τοῦ καλοῦ. Cicero defines +honestum+ as _aut ipsa virtus, aut res gesta virtute_.] +Cato Uticensis.+ ‘He was like Caesar alone in this, that he had clear political convictions and acted on them not only with consistency but with justice and humanity. It is “his vain faith and courage” that alone lights up the dark hours of the falling Commonwealth:-- ‘Victrix causa deis placuit, sed victa Catoni.’ --W. F. B64 GAIUS IULIUS CAESAR. (5) _Caesar dines with Cicero, Dec. 19, 45 B.C._ O hospitem mihi tam gravem ἀμεταμέλητον! fuit enim periucunde. Sed cum secundis Saturnalibus ad Philippum vesperi venisset, villa ita completa militibus est, ut vix triclinium, ubi cenaturus ipse Caesar esset, vacaret; quippe hominum ⅭⅠↃ ⅭⅠↃ. {5} Sane sum commotus, quid futurum esset postridie; at mihi Barba Cassius subvenit: custodes dedit. Castra in agro, villa defensa est. Ille tertiis Saturnalibus apud Philippum ad h. VII, nec quemquam admisit: rationes opinor cum Balbo. Inde ambulavit {10} in litore; post h. VIII in balneum; unctus est, accubuit. Et edit et bibit ἀδεῶς et iucunde, opipare sane et apparate, nec id solum, sed _bene cocto, condito, sermone bono et, si quaeri’, libenter._ 15