You have seen how Analysis helps you to arrive at the main thought of
the sentence, and you are familiar with the principles that govern the
order of words in Latin, and the important part played by the emphatic
position of words. So you may now try to +think in Latin+; that is, to
take the thought in the Latin order, without reference to analysis or
the English order. You will do well to follow closely this advice of
experienced teachers:--‘Read every word as if it were the last on the
page, and you had to turn over without being able to turn back. If,
however, you are obliged to turn back, begin again at the beginning of
the sentence and proceed as before. Let each word of the Latin suggest
some conception gradually adding to and completing the meaning of the
writer. If the form of the word gives several possibilities, hold them
all in your mind, so far as may be, till something occurs in the
progress of the sentence to settle the doubt.’
1. +Tres ferme horas+ = _for nearly three hours_. This construction
(Acc. of extent of time) will be familiar to you. Notice the emphatic
position of the phrase.
+pugnatum est+ = _the battle was fought_. This use of the so-called
impersonal passive is very frequent, and is generally best translated by
taking the root-idea of the verb as a subject.
+et ubique atrociter+ = _and everywhere fiercely_.
2. +circa consulem tamen+ = _around the consul however_.
+acrior infestiorque pugna est+ = _the battle is more keen and more
vehement_. This presents no difficulty; +acrior+ and +infestior+ must
qualify +pugna+, which follows immediately.
3. +eum+ = _him_, plainly _consulem_ (i.e. Flaminius), for no one else
has been mentioned. Notice the emphatic position of +eum+.
+et robora virorum sequebantur+ = _both the strongest of his troops
followed_. You may know that +robur+ (lit. _hard wood_) is often used of
_the toughest troops_, _the flower of an army_.
+et ipse+ = _and himself_, i.e. the consul (Flaminius).
3-4. +quacunque in parte+ = _in whatever part_.
4. +premi ac laborare senserat suos+ = _he had seen his men hard pressed
and in distress_. No other meaning is possible, nor does the order
present any difficulty, but notice the emphatic position of +suos+.
4-5. +impigre ferebat opem+ = _actively he bore help_.
5. +insignemque armis+ = _and distinguished by his arms_, clearly
referring to +consulem+ (l. 2). Cf. +eum+ (l. 3).
+et hostes summa vi petebant+ = _both the enemy with all their might
attacked_. +et+ might, of course, = _also_ (cf. +et+, l. 2), but the
second +et+ which immediately follows determines the meaning _both_.
6. +et tuebantur cives+ = _and his fellow-citizens_ (Romans) _defended_
(him).
+donec Insuber eques+ = _until an Insubrian trooper_. +donec+ may mean
_while_, but the context shows that _until_ or _at last_ is the right
meaning here.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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