Next, the form of the sentence, with the question-mark at the end, shows that +mare+ must be the subject of +nōvit+, and +tellus+ of +nescit+. (+Ărīŏnă+ cannot be nominative, for the suffix +-a+ is the usual Greek 3rd decl. Acc. Sing., where Latin has +-em+.) Also +quod+ and +quae+ are clearly interrogative and adjectival; so translate:-- _What sea does not know, what land is ignorant of Arion?_ N.B.--Try to render this line a little more poetically. +II.+ +Carmine currentes ille tenēbat aquās.+ (i.) _Vocabulary._--You will know all these simple words. (ii.) _Translation._--Here again there are no subordinates. The principal verb is +tenebat+, the subject +ille+, and the object +aquas+; so translate:-- _He used to stay the running waters by his song._ N.B.--Notice force of Imperfect in +tenebat+. +III.+ +Saepe, sequens agnam, lupus est a voce retentus;+ (i.) _Vocabulary._--All you need notice here is the force of +re-+ in +retentus+ = _held back_, cf. our _re_-tain. (ii.) _Translation._--Before you translate, notice Ovid’s frequent use of _parataxis_, _i.e._ placing one thought side by side with another thought, _without any connective_, even although one thought is, in sense, clearly subordinate to another. This is one of the ways in which all great poets _heighten the effect_ of what they say, and many examples of it are to be found in Ovid’s best elegiac verse. As you look through this passage you will find: (a) Lines 1, 2, 3, 4 each form a complete sentence. (b) In the whole passage there is not _one_ subordinate conjunction. (c) The only expressed connective is the simplest link-word +et+. The principal verb is +retentus est+, the subject +lupus+. +Sequens agnam+ describes +lupus+, and +saepe+ and +a voce+ tell us _when_ and _why_ the wolf _was stayed_. _Often has the wolf in pursuit of the lamb been stayed at the sound._ (For this use of +a+ or +ab+ to express _origin_ or _source_ cf. Ovid, _Fasti_, v. 655 [V. 709]: _Pectora traiectus Lynceo Castor_ +ab ense+.) +IV.+ +Saepe avidum fŭgiens restitit agnă lupum.+ (i.) _Vocabulary._-- +Restitit+ = _stood still_; +re + si-st-o+, _i.e._ from √sta-, strengthened by reduplication; cf. ἵ-στη-μι. Contrast carefully meaning of +re-sto+, = _stand firm_ or _be left_. (ii.) _Translation._--Again a very simple sentence. The principal verb is +restitit+, the subject +agnă+; +fugiens avidum lupum+ enlarges the subject +ăgna+, and +saepe+ tells us when the lamb _stood still_. _Often has the lamb, when fleeing from the hungry wolf, stood still (stopped short in its flight)._ N.B.--Notice the _parallelism_ in this couplet, where the parallel lines express the same idea. This is a characteristic feature of Hebrew poetry, e.g.: ‘Seek ye the Lord while He may be found: Call ye upon Him while He is near.’ Is. lv. 6. and is frequently employed by Ovid.[10]