SPEAR.--Is usually described as a tilting spear, and when its shaft is without swell as a javelin. It is regarded as the emblem of manhood, as the distaff is the symbol of womanhood. As usually depicted, without the vamplate, it appears as in Fig. 281; but there is no reason against representing the plate in addition if it is thought desirable. Although the tilting spear was most frequently used with the blunted head, the coronel or roc, it is almost always represented heraldically with a sharp spear point. The shaft is sometimes parti-coloured, or else grooved into flutings as it was in actual use. In some cases these grooves were so large and deep as to result in a form of the girder principle by which great lightness and strength were obtained. The Arms of Shakespeare, granted in 1546, are: Or on a bend Sable a spear Gold. SPURS.--As the peculiar symbol of knighthood are naturally of frequent occurrence as charges. They are given star-shaped rowels unless the more ancient form with a single point is intended, and it is then blazoned a Prick Spur. “The Spurs ben given to a knight to signify diligence and swiftness.” SRUTTLE.--Another name for winnowing fan (Fig. 282). [Illustration: FIG. 283.] [Illustration: FIG. 284.] [Illustration: FIG. 285.] SWORD.--Is sometimes borne in allusion to St. Paul, as it is in the Arms of the City of London. Unless otherwise described, a straight sword with a cross hilt, an arming sword as it was sometimes called, is understood. Its position--that is to say, the direction of the blade--whether pale, wise or fesswise, and where there are more swords than one, their relative positions and the direction of their points are duly stated. TREFOIL (Fig. 283).--Is always represented with a stalk, as in the example, but the term slipped is always included in the blazon nevertheless. The form of the charge is usually as given, but in rare instances it appears as in Fig. 284, which is from a fifteenth century MS. in the Heralds’ College. WATER BOUGET.--This, like the maunche, is an instance of the conventionalization of an actual thing into a shape that bears but remote likeness to the original form. Although there are instances in which its derivation from water carriers, its undoubted origin, is more nearly suggested, its heraldic form was clearly established in the fourteenth century, chiefly in connexion with the family of Bourchier, which furnished so many persons of note to mediaeval history. CHAPTER XII Marks of Cadency [Illustration: FIG. 286.] [Illustration: FIG. 287.]