Illumination--Practical Directions--Methods of the Early Illuminators--Colour Treatment--Heraldry in Enamel--Champlevé Enamel, Personal and Monumental--The Cloak Clasp of Queen Eleanor--The Shield of William de Valence--Stall-plates of the Garter--“Limoges” Enamel--Heraldic Enamel by Nardon Penicaud--Bassetaille--Plique-a-jour --Heraldry in Metal--Application of Old Examples to Present Use--Bronze--Monumental Brasses--Cast Iron Firebacks--Pierced and Chiselled Iron Lock-plates--Keys--Repoussé--Engraved Metal--Ceremonial Weapons and Implements--Lead-work--Deposited Metal. CHAPTER IX. =ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION= 204 Badges at Blois--And at Hampton Court--Sculpture--Sgraffito--Gesso as a Material for Heraldic Relief--Methods of Preparation--A Series of Shields in Painted Gesso--Poker Work--Schemes of Decoration--Stained Glass--Technical Conditions--Colour Scheme--Working Drawings--Pugin’s Designs for the Houses of Parliament--Powell’s Drawings--Armorial Windows at Ockwells Manor--Painted Windows in Florence--The Swiss Painted Glass--Holbein. CHAPTER X. =EMBROIDERED HERALDRY= 246 Surcoats--Bardings--Embroidered Linen--Banners--Appliqué Work--Embroidered Badges--The Toison d’or of Charles the Bold--Standards--The Proportions of Banners from Early Times--The Direction of their Charges and the Reasons therefor--The Composition of the Union Jack--Practical Explanation of its Construction--Painted Banners--How Prepared--Trumpet Banners--Heraldic Lace. CHAPTER XI. =SOME MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES= 267 Heraldic Crowns--Chaplets--Roundels--Knots. CHAPTER XII. =MARKS OF CADENCY= 286 The Origin of the Label--Its Shape and Varieties--Ordinary Marks of Cadency--Their Significance--How Displayed--Royal Cadency--The Distinguishing Marks of Cadency of Present Personages of the Blood Royal. INDEX 293 ANALYTICAL INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS 303 HERALDRY AS ART CHAPTER I Introductory In dealing with heraldry from the artist’s point of view, as a decorative subject which offers interesting scope for technical effort, it will not be necessary to go overmuch into the question of its origin, nor to elaborate its history beyond what is needed to give such knowledge of its methods as may help the doing of present work or the intelligent appreciation of the old. Nevertheless, the archaeological aspect of the subject, the conditions and rules of its existence, must also be carefully studied in order to ensure the correctness of the statement that heraldry makes and of which heraldic art is the expression.