Herd Record of the Association of Breeders of Thorough-Bred Neat Stock: Short Horns, Ayrshires and DevonsVarious
Science
Herd Record of the Association of Breeders of Thorough-Bred Neat Stock: Short Horns, Ayrshires and Devons
Various
Cattle; Cattle -- Pedigrees -- Periodicals
So far, the authorities quoted have, doubtless, given the main facts in
regard to the originals of the present Ayrshire cattle. But there is
evidence that the present leading type of the breed was formed, in part,
by an infusion of the blood of the Kyloe, or West-Highland breed. This
appeared in the first instance, probably, in what has been called the
Swinley variety. The facts, which the writer has obtained in Scotland in
regard to it, are substantially as follows: Theophilus Parton, of
Swinley Farm, near Dairy, Ayrshire, about forty to forty-five years ago,
took great pains to establish a herd of what were deemed the _best_
Ayrshire cattle, into which he infused a strain of the West-Highland
blood, the particular degree of which is not publicly or generally
known. The Swinley stock differs from the older Ayrshire in having a
shorter head, with more breadth across the eyes, more upright and
spreading horns, more hair, and generally better constitutions. They are
also somewhat smaller boned than the old stock, though from their
superior symmetry, and greater tendency to fatten, they are fully equal
to the former in weight of carcass when slaughtered.
The following points given by the Ayrshire Agricultural Association,
1853, "as indicating superior quality," will give an idea of the
standard for Ayrshire cattle, as recognized by the leading breeders:
Head short, forehead wide, nose fine between the muzzle and the eyes;
muzzle moderately large, eyes full and lively, horns widely set on,
inclining upwards and curving slightly inwards.
Neck long and straight from the head to the top of the shoulders, free
from loose skin on the underside, fine at its junction with the head,
and the muscles symmetrically enlarging towards the shoulders.
Shoulders thin at the top, brisket light, the whole fore-quarter thin in
front and gradually increasing in depth and width backwards.
Back short and straight, spine well defined, especially at the
shoulders, short ribs arched, the body deep at the flanks, and the
milk-veins well developed.
Pelvis long, broad and straight, hook [or hip] bones wide apart, and not
much overlaid with fat, thighs deep and broad, tail long and slender,
and set on a level with the back.
Milk-vessel [udder] capacious and extending well forward, hinder-part
broad and firmly attached to the body, the sole or under surface nearly
level. The teats from two to two and a half inches in length, equal in
thickness, and hanging perpendicularly; their distance apart at the
sides should be equal to about one-third the length of the vessel, and
across to about one-half the breadth.
Legs short, the bones fine and the joints firm.
Skin soft and elastic, and covered with soft, close and woolly hair.
The colors preferred are brown, or brown and white, the colors being
distinctly defined. Weight of the animal, when fattened, about forty
imperial stones, sinking the offal [that is 560 pounds], the quarters or
meat only.
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