1. But there must be _an internal cause in every soul_ which accounts for the part of the universe which that soul looks over and which cannot be sought in a third being, the cause of both. 2. The world would be simpler and more manifold if _in every monad were the cause for its connection and all its changes_. It is at this point of departure that we see Herder’s emphasis on innate potentialities, which are fundamentally different, taking shape. Here are individuality and spontaneity in incipiency. REFERENCES TO LEIBNIZ I: 116, 142, 166, 233, 415. II: 50, 96, 300. IV: 15, 224, 248, 361. V: 57, 316, 318, 410, 412, 459, 461, 504, 512, 532. VIII: 112, 170, 178, 226, 247, 266, 272, 319. IX: 493, 500, 534. X: 305, 346. XI: 90. XIII: 199, 364. XIV: 417. XV: Note to page 33; 35, 71, 180, 320. XVI: 450, 458, 504, 292, 606. XVII: 158, 210, 265, 267, 274, 326, 331, 334, 336, 338. XVIII: 126, 323. XX: 358. XXI: 17, 19, 49, 70, 71, 145, 185, 319. XXII: 67, 190. XXIII: 67, 88, 132, 154, 461, 468, 472. XXIV: 9, 92, 267, 315. XXV: 88. XXVIII: 232, 353. XXIX: 581. XXX: 64, 135, 403, 258, 407. XXXII: 32, 221, 225. SHAFTESBURY AND HERDER I, 182: Herder says Shaftesbury knows how to use the dialogue excellently; he had learned it from Plato and taught Diderot. V, 490: Herder calls Shaftesbury the amiable Plato of Europe. X, 232: Herder mentions Shaftesbury’s _philosophischen Lobgesang auf die Natur in seinen “Moralists”_. X, 305: Herder concedes to Shaftesbury a refined, beautiful, philosophical intellect. He is impressed with the “Characteristics” and the “Moralists.” The latter, says he, can be put side by side with the writings of the Ancients. Herder finds in Shaftesbury the flower of Leibniz’ philosophy and the teachings of new platonism. He sees traces of Shaftesbury in Mendelsohn’s _Letters concerning Feeling_. Herder’s tone defends Shaftesbury in the statement that one should love virtue for her own sake, on the ground that many religious enthusiasts, including Fénélon, have maintained the same thing. Nor is he either atheist or pantheist in his _Song of Praise to Nature_. He further mentions the following works in German translations: _The Moralists; Investigations Concerning Virtue_, Berlin, 1745; _Shaftesbury’s Philosophical Works_, translated by Voss, Leipzig, 1776. XI, 123: Herder finds Shaftesbury’s _Ten Letters to a Student of Theology_ excellent in the following points: (1) What he says of real philosophy, of empty speculation, of academic _polyhistorie_, of intellectual ambition and the real freedom of thought, of the writings of the Greek, and of the beautiful and pure toward which one must aim in studies of all kinds; (2) what he says of the spirit of endurance and Christian simplicity.