Produced by Al Haines [Frontispiece: Leo Tolstoy in his bare Apartments at Yasnaya Polyana (Repin)] HEROES OF MODERN EUROPE BY ALICE BIRKHEAD B.A. AUTHOR OF 'THE STORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION' 'MARIE ANTOINETTE' 'PETER THE GREAT' ETC. WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS GEORGE G. HARRAP & CO. LTD. LONDON ---- CALCUTTA ---- SYDNEY [Transcriber's note: Page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces, e.g. {99}. They have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book, in accordance with Project Gutenberg's FAQ-V-99. For its Index, a page number has been placed only at the start of that section. In the HTML version of this book, page numbers are placed in the left margin.] First published July 1913 by GEORGE G. HARRAP & Co. 39-41 Parker Street, Kingsway, London, W.C.2 Reprinted in the present series: February 1914; August 1917; May 1921; January 1924; July 1926 Contents CHAP. I. THE TWO SWORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 II. DANTE, THE DIVINE POET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 III. LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 IV. THE PRIOR OF SAN MARCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 V. MARTIN LUTHER, REFORMER OF THE CHURCH . . . . . . . . 52 VI. CHARLES V, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 VII. THE BEGGARS OF THE SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 VIII. WILLIAM THE SILENT, FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY . . . . . . 86 IX. HENRY OF NAVARRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 X. UNDER THE RED ROBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 XI. THE GRAND MONARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 XII. PETER THE GREAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 XIII. THE ROYAL ROBBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 XIV. SPIRITS OF THE AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 XV. THE MAN FROM CORSICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 XVI. "GOD AND THE PEOPLE" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 XVII. "FOR ITALY AND VICTOR EMMANUEL!" . . . . . . . . . . 195 XVIII. THE THIRD NAPOLEON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 XIX. THE REFORMER OF THE EAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 XX. THE HERO IN HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Illustrations LEO TOLSTOY IN HIS BARE APARTMENTS AT YASNAYA POLYANA (_Repin_). . . . . . . . . . _Frontispiece_ DANTE IN THE STREETS OF FLORENCE (_Evelyn Paul_) . . . . . . . 22 THE LAST SLEEP OF SAVONAROLA (_Sir George Reid, P.R.S.A._) . . 60 PHILIP II PRESENT AT AN AUTO-DA-FE (_D. Valdivieso_) . . . . . 78 LAST MOMENTS OF COUNT EGMONT (_Louis Gallait_) . . . . . . . . 90 AN APPLICATION TO THE CARDINAL FOR HIS FAVOUR (_Walter Gay_) 124 FREDERICK THE GREAT RECEIVING HIS PEOPLE'S HOMAGE (_A. Menzel_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152