HEROES OF SCIENCE. HEROES OF SCIENCE. BOTANISTS, ZOOLOGISTS, AND GEOLOGISTS. BY PROFESSOR P. MARTIN DUNCAN, F.R.S., F.L.S., VICE PRESIDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY; HONORARY FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE, LONDON. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMITTEE OF GENERAL LITERATURE AND EDUCATION APPOINTED BY THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE. LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE; NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET; 48, PICCADILLY; AND 135, NORTH STREET, BRIGHTON. NEW YORK: E. & J. B. YOUNG AND CO. 1882. [Illustration] PREFACE. [Illustration] There is no little difficulty in obtaining correct and reliable life histories of most of the greatest naturalists. Many of the men to whom natural history science owes so much, lived extremely retired and uneventful lives; but a few, and as might have been anticipated, the reformers and epoch makers of their respective sciences, have had their most interesting biographies well written. Abstracts of these biographies form a large portion of this book; and the author desires to acknowledge the very copious extracts he has made, from sources which he has recognized in the proper places. [Illustration] INTRODUCTION. [Illustration]