Heroes of science : $b Botanists, zoologists, and geologistsDuncan, P. Martin (Peter Martin)
History
Heroes of science : $b Botanists, zoologists, and geologists
Duncan, P. Martin (Peter Martin)
Naturalists
After this event the teacher pursued his course of public teaching and
private research without any molestation for years. His school increased
in reputation, and the most distinguished scholars of the day were
members of it. Demetrius Phalereus, ruler of the State, was one of the
students in his youth, and he protected Theophrastus and patronized him
in every way. Botany was not the strongest subject of this great man,
and probably what he knew about it was largely derived from the teaching
of Aristoteles; but evidently his work on plants was one of the earliest
that was written with anything like scientific precision. Nevertheless,
Theophrastus added much original matter, for he had a botanic garden, and
he collected plants during his travels in Greece. His military friends
kept him supplied with specimens of Asiatic, Egyptian, and Arabian
plants, and with descriptions of their natures and peculiarities, some
of which were true and others quite imaginary. What was true and what
was not true was frequently a puzzle to this philosopher, as it is to
modern naturalists. He wrote, “The drug sellers and root cutters tell
us some things which may be true, but other things which are merely
solemn quackery. Thus they direct us to gather some plants, standing from
the wind and with our bodies anointed; some by night, some by day, some
before the sun falls on them. So far there may be something in their
rules; but others are too fantastical and far-fetched. It is, perhaps,
not absurd to use a prayer in plucking a plant; but they go further than
this. We are to draw a sword three times round the mandragora, and to
cut it looking to the west; again, to dance round it, and to use obscene
language, as those who sow cumin should utter blasphemies. Again, we
are to draw a line round the black hellebore, standing to the east, and
praying; and to avoid an eagle either on the right or on the left; for
they say if an eagle be near, the cutter will die in a year.”
This was the nonsense, out of which Theophrastus had to extricate the
true wisdom of plants, and he tried to put aside fancies, legends, and
the opinions of men, and to puzzle out the meaning of the similarities
and differences of plants, by first of all learning and describing their
construction, habits, methods of growth, and increase.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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