Heroes of Science: ChemistsMuir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
History
Heroes of Science: Chemists
Muir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
Chemistry -- History; Chemists
At the age of nineteen Priestley went to an "academy" at Daventry. The
intellectual atmosphere here seems to have been suitable to the rapid
development of Priestley's mind. Great freedom of discussion was allowed;
even during the teachers' lectures the students were permitted "to ask
whatever questions and to make whatever remarks" they pleased; and they did
it, Priestley says, "with the greatest, but without any offensive,
freedom."
The students were required to read and to give an account of the more
important arguments for and against the questions discussed in the
teachers' lectures. Theological disputations appear to have been the
favourite topics on which the students exercised their ingenuity among
themselves. Priestley tells us that he "saw reason to embrace what is
generally called the heterodox side of almost every question."
Leaving this academy, Priestley went, in 1755, as assistant to the
Dissenting minister at Needham, in Suffolk. Here he remained for three
years, living on a salary of about L30 a year, and getting more and more
into bad odour because of his peculiar theological views.
From Needham he moved to Nantwich, in Cheshire, where he was more
comfortable, and, having plenty of work to do, he had little time for
abstruse speculations. School work engaged most of his time at Nantwich; he
also began to collect a few scientific instruments, such as an electrical
machine and an air-pump. These he taught his scholars to use and to keep in
good order. He gave lectures on natural phenomena, and encouraged his
scholars to make experiments and sometimes to exhibit their experiments
before their parents and friends. He thus extended the reputation of his
school and implanted in his scholars a love of natural knowledge.
In the year 1761 Priestley removed to Warrington, to act as tutor in a
newly established academy, where he taught languages--a somewhat wide
subject, as it included lectures on "The Theory of Languages," on "Oratory
and Criticism," and on "The History, Laws, and Constitution of England." He
says, "It was my province to teach elocution, and also logic and Hebrew.
The first of these I retained, but after a year or two I exchanged the two
last articles with Dr. Aikin for the civil law, and one year I gave a
course of lectures on anatomy."
During his stay at Warrington, which lasted until 1767, Priestley married a
daughter of Mr. Isaac Wilkinson, an ironmaster of Wrexham, in Wales. He
describes his wife as "a woman of an excellent understanding much improved
by reading, of great fortitude and strength of mind, and of a temper in
the highest degree affectionate and generous, feeling strongly for others
and little for herself, also greatly excelling in everything relating to
household affairs."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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