Heroes of Science: ChemistsMuir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
History
Heroes of Science: Chemists
Muir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
Chemistry -- History; Chemists
In the year 1832 Berzelius resigned his professorship, and in the same year
he married. During the remainder of his life, he continued to receive
honours of all kinds, but he never for a moment forsook the paths of
science. After the death of Davy, in 1829, he was recognized as the
leading European chemist of his age; but, although firm in his own
theoretical views, he was ready to test these views by appealing to Nature.
The very persistency with which he clung to a conception established on
some solid experimental basis insured that new light would be thrown on
that conception by the researches of those chemists who opposed him.
Probably no chemist has added to the science so many carefully determined
facts as Berzelius; he was always at work in the laboratory, and always
worked with the greatest care. Yet the appliances at his command were what
we should now call poor, meagre, and utterly inadequate. Professor Woehler
of Goettingen, who in the fulness of days and honours has so lately gone
from amongst us, recently gave an account of his visit to Berzelius in the
year 1823. Woehler had taken his degree as Doctor of Medicine at Heidelberg,
and being anxious to prosecute the study of chemistry he was advised by his
friends to spend a winter in the laboratory of the Swedish professor.
Having written to Berzelius and learned that he was willing to allow him
working room in his laboratory, the young student set out for Stockholm.
After a journey to Luebeck and a few days' passage in a small
sailing-vessel, he arrived in the Swedish capital.
Knocking at the door of the house pointed out as that of Berzelius, he
tells us that his heart beat hard as the door was opened by a tall man of
florid complexion. "It was Berzelius himself," he exclaims. Scarcely
believing that he was in the very room where so many famous discoveries had
been made, he entered the laboratory. No water, no gas, no draught-places,
no ovens were to be seen; a couple of plain tables, a blowpipe, a few
shelves with bottles, a little simple apparatus, and a large water-barrel
whereat Anna, the ancient cook of the establishment, washed the laboratory
dishes, completed the furnishings of this room, famous throughout Europe
for the work which had been done in it. In the kitchen which adjoined, and
where Anna cooked, was a small furnace and a sand bath for heating
purposes.
In this room many great discoveries were made. Among these we may note the
separation of the element columbium in 1815, and of selenion in 1818; the
discovery of the new earth thoria in 1828; the elucidation of the
properties of yttrium and cerium about 1820, of uranium in 1823, and of the
platinum metals in 1828; the accurate determination of the atomic weights
of the greater number of the elements; the discovery of "sulphur salts" in
1826-27, and the proof that silica is an acid, and that most of the "stony"
minerals are compounds of this acid with various bases.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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