The senses in which Franklin's thirteen virtues were to be understood were explained by short precepts which followed them in his list. The list was as follows:-- "1. TEMPERANCE. "Eat not to dulness; drink not to elevation. "2. SILENCE. "Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. "3. ORDER. "Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. "4. RESOLUTION. "Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. "5. FRUGALITY. "Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; _i.e._ waste nothing. "6. INDUSTRY. "Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. "7. SINCERITY. "Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly. "8. JUSTICE. "Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. "9. MODERATION. "Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. "10. CLEANLINESS. "Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes, or habitation. "11. TRANQUILLITY. "Be not disturbed at trifles, or accidents common or unavoidable. "12. CHASTITY. "13. HUMILITY. "Imitate Jesus and Socrates." The last of these was added to the list at the suggestion of a Quaker friend. Franklin claims to have acquired a good deal of the _appearance_ of it, but concluded that in reality there was no passion so hard to subdue as _pride_. "For even if I could conceive that I had completely overcome it, I should probably be proud of my humility." The virtue which gave him most trouble, however, was order, and this he never acquired. In 1732 appeared the first copy of "Poor Richard's Almanack." This was prepared, printed, and published by Franklin for about twenty-five years in succession, and nearly ten thousand copies were sold annually. Besides the usual astronomical information, it contained a collection of entertaining anecdotes, verses, jests, etc., while the "little spaces that occurred between the remarkable events in the calendar" were filled with proverbial sayings, inculcating industry and frugality as helps to virtue. These sayings were collected and prefixed to the almanack of 1757, whence they were copied into the American newspapers, and afterwards reprinted as a broad-sheet in England and in France.