THE ANCHOR OF DEATH (_from a photograph_) DEAL BOATMEN ON THE LOOK OUT FOR A HOTEL THE WRECK OF THE GOLDEN ISLAND CLOVE-HITCH KNOTS JARVIST ARNOLD THE KINGSDOWN LIFEBOAT SCENE ON DEAL BEACH, FEBRUARY 13, 1870 POSITION OF THE SORRENTO THE SORRENTO ON THE GOODWIN SANDS ALL HANDS IN THE LIFEBOAT THE LIFEBOAT BRADFORD AT THE WRECK OF THE INDIAN CHIEF LEAVING RAMSGATE HARBOUR IN TOW [Illustration: The Launch of the Lifeboat. From a photograph by W. H. Franklin.] CHAPTER I THE GOODWIN SANDS 'Would'st thou,' so the helmsman answered, 'Learn the secrets of the sea? Only those who brave its dangers Comprehend its mystery.' The Goodwin Sands are a great sandbank, eight miles long and about four miles wide, rising out of deep water four miles off Deal at their nearest point to the mainland. They run lengthwise from north to south, and their breadth is measured from east to west. Counting from the farthest points of shallow water around the Goodwins, their dimensions might be reckoned a little more, but the above is sufficiently accurate. Between them and Deal lies thus a stretch of four miles of deep water, in which there is a great anchorage for shipping. This anchorage, of historic interest, is called the Downs--possibly from the French _les Dunes_, or 'the Sands,' a derivation which, so far as I know, was first suggested by myself--and is sheltered from the easterly gales to some extent by the Goodwins. The Downs are open to the north and south, and through this anchorage of the Downs runs the outward and homeward bound stream of shipping of all nations, to and from London and the northern ports of England, Holland, Germany, and the Baltic. A very large proportion of the stream of shipping bound to London passes inside the Goodwins or through the Downs, especially when the wind is south-west, inasmuch as if they went in west winds outside the Goodwins, they would find themselves a long way to leeward of the Gull buoy. The passage here, between the Gull buoy and the Goodwin Sands, is not more than two miles wide; and again I venture to suggest that the Gull stream is derived from the French _la Gueule_. Though there are four miles of deep water between the Goodwin Sands and the mainland, this deep water has rocky shallows and dangerous patches in it, but I shall not attempt to describe them, merely endeavouring to concentrate the reader's attention on the Goodwin Sands. Inside the Goodwins and in this comparatively sheltered anchorage of deep water, the outward bound shipping bring up, waiting sometimes for weeks for fair wind; hence Gay's lines are strictly accurate, All in the Downs the fleet was moored. The anchorage of the Downs is sheltered from west winds by the mainland and from east winds by the dreaded Goodwins. They thus form a natural and useful breakwater towards the east, creating the anchorage of the Downs.