Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive.) HEROINES OF CRUSADES. HEROINES OF THE CRUSADES _Adela Countess of Blois. Eleanor of Aquitaine. Berengaria of Navarre. Isabella of Angouleme. Violante of Jerusalem. Eleanor of Castile._ BY C. A. BLOSS. "Old Historic rolls I opened." Engraved by J. C. Buttre. HEROINES OF THE CRUSADES. BY C. A. BLOSS. AUTHOR OF "BLOSS'S ANCIENT HISTORY," ETC. "Old historic rolls I opened." AUBURN: ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & CO. ROCHESTER: WANZER, BEARDSLEY & CO. 1853. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1853, BY ALDEN, BEARDSLEY & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of New York. TO MY PUPILS, The "Heroines of the Crusades" IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. To those whom it has been my privilege and pleasure to lead through the devious and darkened paths of the Past, to all who cordially receive the doctrine that _actions_ and not faint desires for Excellence form the character, I address a few words by way of explanation and Preface. Jerusalem, the capital of Palestine, whether glorious in the beauty of her first temple, and the excellent wisdom of her philosopher king, or veiled in the darkness of that fatal eclipse in which the solemn scenes of Calvary consummated her glory and shame, has occupied a position in the great drama of human events, more interesting and important than any other city on the globe. But Jerusalem, in the gloom of that moral night which gathered over the nations after the fall of the Western Empire of the Romans, exerted a greater influence upon the minds of men than at any former period. The insulting Moslem felt a degree of veneration for the splendid ruins over which he walked with all a conqueror's pride--the African anchorite left his solitary hermitage to weep upon Mount Olivet--the European adventurer wreathed his staff with the branching palm from her holy hills--the despairing Jew sat in sackcloth at her fallen gates, and even the mingled barbarians of the East united with the Christian to revere the spot where art achieved its proudest monument, and poetry found the theme of its sublimest song. This natural reverence, exalted into piety by the decrees of the church, resulted necessarily in the practice of pilgrimage. Anxious, restless guilt, fled from the scene of its enormities to the sweet valleys where the Saviour whispered peace to his disciples; poetry sought inspiring visions on the Mount of Transfiguration; penitence lingered in the garden of Passion, and remorse expiated its crimes in weary vigils at the Holy Sepulchre.